Can SMEs in developing countries resist crisis? An analysis on Turkish and Albanian cases

SMEs have an important role in terms of their economic share in developedand developing economies, though there are different definitions of SMEamong various organizations and countries. Today, instead of giantindustries, SMEs having gained importance in the developing economies,become advantageous being economic enterprises having the capability ofquick adjudication, working with less capital but more intense labor andhaving low cost of management and thus having cheap production. In short,the concept of small is beautiful becomes important in the current economic conjuncture with giant firms.In this context, SME definition and SME's role in Turkish and Albanianeconomies will be dealt with. It will be also questioned whether SMEs indeveloping countries resist crisis or not

Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of Tc-99m-Trimethoprim: A Novel Radiolabeled Antibiotic for Bacterial Infection Imaging Using Experimental Animals

WOS: 000429197900010In the present article, we focused on the radiolabeling and evaluation of Tc-99m-TMH complex as a potential candidate for infection imaging in vivo. For this; Trimethoprim (TMH) used to treat bacterial infections was investigated to label with Tc-99m. Labeling was performed using thin (II) chloride as a reducing agent at room temperature for 1 h and radiochemical analysis involved thin layer radiochromatography (TLRC) and high pressure liquid radiochromatograpy (HPLRC) methods. The stability of labeled antibiotic was checked in the presence of rat blood serum at 37 degrees C up to 180 min. The maximum radiolabeling yield was found to be 96 +/- 2% and remained constant at more than 85 +/- 1% even in rat serum for 180 min after radiolabeling. Static image of Tc-99m-TMH in male rats demonstrated that important radiation signals are present in the infected site at first glance in 30 min. After 30 min the uptake of the Tc-99m-TMH as ID/g% in the infected muscle (INM) and normal muscle (NM) of the rats were 7.5 +/- 1.5% and 5.00 +/- 1.2%, respectively. In the INM/NM ratio a desirable behavior was observed as the values for the INM/NM increased up to 10.6. Tc-99m-TMH prepared with high yield is able to localize well in the bacterially infected muscle of the rats. As a result, Tc-99m-TMH may be developed as a radiopharmaceutical agent to distinguish infection from inflammation by nuclear imaging.Manisa Celal Bayar University Research Fund [2015-101]The authors are thankful for the financial support from the Manisa Celal Bayar University Research Fund (Contract No. 2015-101)

Radiosynthesis and biodistribution of Tc-99m-Sulfamethoxazole: a novel molecule for in-vivo infection imaging

WOS: 000414767200006The aim of this study was to prepare Tc-99m-Sulfamethoxazole complex and evaluate its efficiency as an infection imaging agent. The Sulfamethoxazole was labeled with Tc-99m and its biological efficacy as a potential radio tracer for Staphylococcus aureus infection was investigated in bacterially infected Albino Wistar rats. The radiolabeling yield was found to be 95 +/- 3.07% and remained constant at more than 93 +/- 0.1% even in serum for 240 min after radiolabeling. Tc-99m-Sulfamethoxazole prepared with high yield localized well in the bacterially infected muscle of the rats. Tc-99m-Sulfamethoxazole may be developed as a radiopharmaceutical agent to distinguish infection from inflammation by nuclear imaging.Manisa Celal Bayar University Research Fund [2015-101]The authors are thankful for the financial support from the Manisa Celal Bayar University Research Fund (Contract No. 2015-101)

Recommendations for the selection of techniques and components used in congenital heart surgery in Turkey

There is no standard for the selection of technical and mechanical components (heart-lung machine system, oxygenator, arterial and venous cannulae, arterial filter and other specifically-designed components and devices) used in cardiopulmonary bypass in Turkey. The cost of the component plays a significant role in the selection, as well as the preference of the facility. Only a limited number of hospitals decide which components to be used based on scientific data. Studies have confirmed that selected novel techniques and components having no basis of scientific justification may pose risk for the life of the patient in the short- and long-term. The objectives of this study are to show how to use quality-control procedures and scientific data for the selection of novel techniques and components and to share, also, recent techniques experienced to minimize the complication risk after surgery

Congenital heart surgery in Turkey; today and tomorrow

2APR181-1852

Effects of body temperature on ventilator-induced lung injury

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of body temperature on ventilator-induced lung injury