Epidemiology of frequent admitters of cardiovascular diseases in urbanizing Pune population

BackgroundIschemic heart disease is known to be prevalent in Indian populationAimsTo study the prevalence of CVDs in Pune population and to elucidate comorbidities and the risk factors associated with frequently admitted CVD patients.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of five years (2011–2015) in Pune India. Data was retrieved from Life Line software at Bharti Hospital. ICD-10 was followed throughout the study. Comorbidities and risk factors were estimated in frequent CVD admitters. For estimation of oxidative stress, antioxidant marker enzymes were estimated from plasma samples of CVD patients. Chi-square test was employed for the study of association in proportions. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to test significance of difference. ResultsAmong 939 cardiac patients, MI represented as the most common CVD especially in men (38.79 per cent). Higher level of Lipid peroxidation was reported in MI (14.43±1.82) than IHD (13.06±2.23), HCM (7±1.47) and control (2.44±0.74) (p < 0.001). MI patients show higher comorbidities and increased risk of developing complications. Glutathione reductase (U/mg) was decreased in MI (1.76±0.2) and HCM (1.8±0.3) patients than IHD (2.14±0.4) and Control samples (2.17±0.3) (p < 0.05). ConclusionMI is more often observed in frequent admitters of CVDs. IHD patients show higher comorbidities than other CVDs in this population. Oxidative stress was found to be more in MI than other cardiac disorders

Central IKKβ inhibition prevents air pollution mediated peripheral inflammation and exaggeration of type II diabetes

Abstract Background Prior experimental and epidemiologic data support a link between exposure to fine ambient particulate matter (<2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, PM2.5) and development of insulin resistance/Type II diabetes mellitus (Type II DM). We investigated the role of hypothalamic inflammation in PM2.5-mediated diabetes development. Methods KKay mice, a genetically susceptible model of Type II DM, were assigned to either concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) for 4–8 weeks via a versatile aerosol concentrator and exposure system, or administered intra-cerebroventricular with either IKKβ inhibitor (IMD-0354) or TNFα antibody (infliximab) for 4–5 weeks simultaneously with PM2.5 exposure. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, oxygen consumption and heat production were evaluated. At euthanasia, blood, spleen, visceral adipose tissue and hypothalamus were collected to measure inflammatory cells using flow cytometry. Standard immunohistochemical methods and quantitative PCR were used to assess targets of interest. Results PM2.5 exposure led to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which was accompanied by increased hypothalamic IL-6, TNFα, and IKKβ mRNA expression and microglial/astrocyte reactivity. Targeting the NFκB pathway with intra-cerebroventricular administration of an IKKβ inhibitor [IMD-0354, n = 8 for each group)], but not TNFα blockade with infliximab [(n = 6 for each group], improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, rectified energy homeostasis (O2 consumption, CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio and heat generation) and reduced peripheral inflammation in response to PM2.5. Conclusions Central inhibition of IKKβ prevents PM2.5 mediated peripheral inflammation and exaggeration of type II diabetes. These results provide novel insights into how air pollution may mediate susceptibility to insulin resistance and Type II DM.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109486/1/12989_2014_Article_53.pd

Synthesis of new chiral amino ether derivatives: synthetic application of meso aziridinium ions prepared from &#946;-amino alcohols

Methods of synthesis of new chiral amino ether derivatives through the opening of aziridinium ions, prepared in situ using trans-(&#177;)-2-(1-N,N-dialkylamino)cyclohexyl mesylate with (R)-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol, are described. The (R,R,R)-diastereomer was obtained as the major product and isolated as an enantiopure salt, and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. The C2-chiral (R,R,R,R,R)-diamino ether was obtained as the major product by opening of the aziridinium ion, prepared using trans-(&#177;)-2-(1-pyrrolidino)cyclohexyl mesylate and (R)-(+)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol in the presence of aq NaOH. This was also characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis

High gender -specific susceptibility to curare- a neuromuscular blocking agent

Curare, a selective skeletal muscle relaxant, has been used clinically to reduce shivering and as an anesthetic auxiliary in abdominal surgery. It is also widely used in animal experiments to block neuromuscular junction activity. Effective doses of curare diminish muscle contraction without affecting brain function, but at higher doses it is known to be lethal. However, the exact dose of curare initiating muscle relaxation vs. lethal effect has not been fully characterized in mice. In this study we carefully examined the dose-response for achieving muscle inactivity over lethality in both male and female mice (C57BL6/J). The most striking finding of this study is that female mice were highly susceptible to curare; both the EDm and LDm were at least 3-fold lower than male littermates. This study shows that gender-specific differences can be an important factor when administering skeletal muscle relaxants, particularly curare or other analogous agents targeted to the neuromuscular junction