Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 49 referencia.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01646-z .- Full-text access to a view-only version (Acceso a texto completo de sólo lectura en este enlace) https://rdcu.be/c8vZiUrban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services.This study was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, BBVA Foundation (URBANFUN), and by BES Grant Agreement No. LRB17\1019 (MUSGONET). M.D-B., P.G-P., J.D. and A.R. acknowledge support from TED2021-130908B-C41/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR. M.D.-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. was also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). D.J.E. was supported by the Hermon Slade Foundation. J.P.V. thanks the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021) and Banaras Hindu Univeristy-IoE (6031)-incentive grant for financial assistance for research in plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome. J.D. and A. Rodríguez acknowledge support from the FCT (2020.03670.CEECIND and SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2021) research unit financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC).Peer reviewe

Percutaneous cholangiography with the Chiba University needle: a new, safe, and accurate method in the diagnosis of cholestatic syndromes

A modified technique of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography utilizing the Chiba University needle is described. This new technique employs injection of dye through a thin flexible 22 gauge needle with a short bevel while it is slowly withdrawn under a fluoroscopic monitoring. The results of several investigators are reviewed and indicate that failure to visualize the biliary radicals with the Chiba University needle virtually rules out extrahepatic obstruction. It is anticipated that this technique will replace the traditional sheathed needle cholangiography as a diagnostic modality in the evaluation of the jaundiced patient

Jaundice, Choledocholithiasis, and a Nondilated Common Duct

In two cases of jaundice due to choledocholithiasis, the biliary tree was not dilated on skinny-needle transhepatic cholangiography. Visualization of the biliary tree before arriving at a diagnosis in certain cases of jaundice is needed.(JAMA 240:1983-1984, 1978

Rapid diagnosis of obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic abscess with pancreaticobiliary fistula

A case of pancreatic abscess with pancreaticobiliary fistula manifesting as obstructive jaundice of occult etiology is presented. Diagnosis was made preoperatively by skinny needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. In addition, a communication between the biliary tree and the pancreatic abscess cavity was demonstrated in the absence of previous biliary surgery or primary biliary tract disease. We feel this is the procedure of choice for emergency visualization of the biliary tree in a jaundiced patient where a surgically approachable lesion is suspected

Transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices: results in acute and nonacute bleeders

Seventy-three patients with hepatic cirrhosis and bleeding gastroesophageal varices underwent transhepatic portal vein catheterization and variceal obliteration. Gastroesophageal varices were successfully obliterated in 32 patients actively bleeding and in 35 patients with stabilized bleeding gastroesophageal varices. The remaining six were technical failures. Follow-up examinations in 10 patients from 1 month to 3 years later showed persistent obliteration of embolized veins. Recurrence of variceal bleeding occurred in nine patients. This method should be considered as a palliative, effective adjuvant to the medical treatment of patients with bleeding gastroesophageal varices

Bile Duct Carcinoma Mimicking Chronic Liver Disease

Recurrent episodes of cholestasis with anicteric asymptomatic intervals are usually considered a manifestation of benign and/or chronic hepatobiliary tract disease. Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater may occasionally cause fluctuating degrees of jaundice, but asymptomatic anicteric intervals are unusual. We will describe a patient with cholangiocarcinoma at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts. The patient manifested three separate episodes of jaundice; on each occasion, the jaundice cleared spontaneously without specific therapy. This case demonstrates two unusual features of bifurcation tumors: (1) notable fluctuation of jaundice, and (2) the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis, complicated by portal hypertension and esophageal varices without considerable invasion of the hepatic parenchyma or obstruction of the portal vein. PATIENT SUMMARY An 84-year-old man with painless jaundice was admitted to Miami Veterans Administration Hospital in April 1972 for assessment of his condition. There was no history of exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, ethanol abuse, blood transfusions

Traumatic Rupture of the Gallbladder With Massive Biliary Ascites

TRAUMATIC laceration of the gallbladder with subsequent bile leakage into the peritoneum (choleperitoneum) is a rare complication of blunt abdominal trauma. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the English literature. Most cases have involved either children or adolescents, as the incidence of accidents in this group is the highest. The occasional cases reported in adults are usually secondary to steering wheel or seat belt injuries. If no other visceral organ is damaged and there are no signs of shock or hemoperitoneum, the delay in diagnosis can be as long as six weeks. In the rare instance when the patient has known chronic liver disease and ascites, the diagnosis may be further delayed.We present a case in which the diagnosis was established seven weeks after admission with the aid of a "skinny-needle" percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC).Report of a CaseA 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospita