37,556 research outputs found
Bringing Together Gravity and the Quanta
Due to its underlying gauge structure, teleparallel gravity achieves a
separation between inertial and gravitational effects. It can, in consequence,
describe the isolated gravitational interaction without resorting to the
equivalence principle, and is able to provide a tensorial definition for the
energy-momentum density of the gravitational field. Considering the conceptual
conflict between the local equivalence principle and the nonlocal uncertainty
principle, the replacement of general relativity by its teleparallel equivalent
can be considered an important step towards a prospective reconciliation
between gravitation and quantum mechanics.Comment: 9 pages. Contribution to the proceedings of the Albert Einstein
Century International Conference, Paris, 18-22 July, 200
Killing vectors and anisotropy
We consider an action that can generate fluids with three unequal stresses
for metrics with a spacelike Killing vector. The parameters in the action are
directly related to the stress anisotropies. The field equations following from
the action are applied to an anisotropic cosmological expansion and an
extension of the Gott-Hiscock cosmic string
Cointegration and Asymmetric Adjustment between Output and Unemployment: an Application to the U.S. Economy
This paper focuses on the properties of the adjustment between the real output and the unemployment rate for the U.S. economy in the period from 1975 to 2006. It starts by checking the order of integration of the two series and then tests for the presence of asymmetry in the Okunâs law relationship through a cyclical equation, a first differences equation and an ADL(p,q). Using the threshold cointegration approach this study also accounts for the possible existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship and it is ability to test for the asymmetric adjustment hypothesis. It is found that Okunâs coefficient ranges between -0.41 and -0.59, being the latter estimated by the cointegrating equation. Furthermore, the unemployment rate behaves differently along the business cycle and increases faster in recessions than it recovers in expansions. A long-run equilibrium relationship is established where adjustment is made asymmetrically. Positive deviations away from equilibrium are corrected slightly faster than negative ones. Our explanation concerns the higher speed of flows within the labor market during a recession than during an expansion which may also be related to the existence of nominal rigidities in the US economy that causes imperfectly flexible prices.Okunâs Law, Threshold Cointegration, Asymmetric Adjustment, Monte Carlo Simulations, U.S. Economy
Orbital multicriticality in spin gapped quasi-1D antiferromagnets
Motivated by the quasi-1D antiferromagnet CaVO, we explore
spin-orbital systems in which the spin modes are gapped but orbitals are near a
macroscopically degenerate classical transition. Within a simplified model we
show that gapless orbital liquid phases possessing power-law correlations may
occur without the strict condition of a continuous orbital symmetry. For the
model proposed for CaVO, we find that an orbital phase with coexisting
order parameters emerges from a multicritical point. The effective orbital
model consists of zigzag-coupled transverse field Ising chains. The
corresponding global phase diagram is constructed using field theory methods
and analyzed near the multicritical point with the aid of an exact solution of
a zigzag XXZ model.Comment: 9 page
The formation of IRIS diagnostics I. A quintessential model atom of Mg II and general formation properties of the Mg II h&k lines
NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) space mission will study
how the solar atmosphere is energized. IRIS contains an imaging spectrograph
that covers the Mg II h&k lines as well as a slit-jaw imager centered at Mg II
k. Understanding the observations will require forward modeling of Mg II h&k
line formation from 3D radiation-MHD models. This paper is the first in a
series where we undertake this forward modeling. We discuss the atomic physics
pertinent to h&k line formation, present a quintessential model atom that can
be used in radiative transfer computations and discuss the effect of partial
redistribution (PRD) and 3D radiative transfer on the emergent line profiles.
We conclude that Mg II h&k can be modeled accurately with a 4-level plus
continuum Mg II model atom. Ideally radiative transfer computations should be
done in 3D including PRD effects. In practice this is currently not possible. A
reasonable compromise is to use 1D PRD computations to model the line profile
up to and including the central emission peaks, and use 3D transfer assuming
complete redistribution to model the central depression.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for Ap
- âŠ