Ordonnances municipales, autorité policière et travail féminin: la prostitution clandestine à Buenos Aires, 1870-1880

Este artículo aborda los años posteriores a la aprobación de la ordenanza de 1875, que reglamentó las casas de prostitución, para examinar su impacto en los sentidos morales atribuidos a ciertos lugares de ocio y sociabilidad masculina que dependían del trabajo femenino. Se trata de un periodo marcado por la aprobación de inéditos reglamentos sobre viviendas y lugares de sociabilidad en el marco de la construcción del poder municipal. En especial, argumenta que la noción de ?prostitución clandestina? permite examinar la construcción cotidiana de la autoridad, los ámbitos municipales como escenarios de disputa entre derechos y los arreglos laborales entablados en estos lugares.This article examines the years following the 1875 municipal ordinance that established regulations for houses of prostitution. It analyses the impact of this ordinance on the moral meanings of these establishments devoted to leisure and male sociability, which depended on women’s labour. This period of Buenos Aires’ history was shaped by the enactment of novel sanitary and municipal measures, in a context characterized by the construction of municipal authority. The article argues that the notion of “clandestine prostitution” can be used as a clue to examine the daily construction of local authority, the dispute of rights in the municipal setting, and labour relations in such establishments.Cet article examine l’impact de l’ordonnance de 1875 sur la réglementation des maisons closes, durant les années qui suivent son approbation, sur les sens moraux attribués à certains lieux de plaisir et de sociabilité masculine qui dépendaient du travail féminin. Il s’agit d’une période marquée par l’approbation de règlements inédits en matière d’habitat et de lieux de sociabilité dans le cadre de la construction du pouvoir municipal. En particulier, l’article avance que la notion de “prostitution clandestine” permet d’examiner la construction quotidienne de l’autorité, les cadres municipaux comme lieux de disputes entre droits et les arrangements en matière de travail conclus dans ces lieux. Mots clé: Buenos Aires, 1870-1880, municipalité,Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentin

Looking Through the Window: Prostitutes and Their Neighbours (Rio de Janeiro, Early Twentieth Century)

This article analyses some of the debates on the regulation of sex trade in Rio de Janeiro and the enforcement of a particular set of non-regulationist policies at the beginning of the First Republic (1889-1930). I argue that against the background of conflicts in local politics and labour relations, non-regulationist policies in Rio de Janeiro opened up unexpected possibilities for prostitutes, who reinterpreted the available law in their dealings with neighbors and other workers. The historical process of the abolition of slavery in Brazil, together with the consolidation of an authoritarian republican regime, created the conditions that allowed Rio de Janeiro's police to enforce a particular policy of surveillance and control of specific groups of prostitutes. This policy resulted in the increasing clustering of prostitutes particularly those who used to parade themselves in the doors and windows of their own homes in designated urban spaces. Although this process had a significant impact on the relationship between the groups of prostitutes and other workers and neighbours, it nevertheless failed to dissolve their bonds.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentin

South American tours: Work relations in the entertainment market in South America

This article explores the relationships between young European women who worked in the growing entertainment market in Argentine and Brazilian cities, and the many people who from time to time came under suspicion of exploiting them for prostitution. The international travels of young women with contracts to sing or dance in music halls, theatres, and cabarets provide a unique opportunity to reflect on some of the practices of labour intermediation. Fragments of their experiences were recorded by a number of Brazilian police investigations carried out in order to expel "undesirable" foreigners under the Foreigners Expulsion Act of 1907. Such sources shed light on the work arrangements that made it possible for young women to travel overseas. The article discusses how degrees of autonomy, violence, and exploitation in the artists' work contracts were negotiated between parties at the time, especially by travelling young women whose social experiences shaped morally ambiguous identities as artists, prostitutes, and hired workers.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentin

Circuitos de trabalho no Mercado de diversões sul americano no começo do século XX

Este artigo explora algumas das condições materiais que tornaram possível a viagem, entre Argentina e Brasil, de jovens mulheres que trabalharam num mercado de diversões nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para isso, enfoco situações em que os companheiros de viagem dessas mulheres foram acusados de proxenetismo, terminando por enfrentar processos de expulsão de estrangeiros. O artigo propõe uma perspectiva de gênero que considera a acusação moral, fosse de prostituição ou de proxenetismo, como expressão de conflitos mais gerais sobre os significados de exploração e trabalho no período.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentin

Of Workers, Women and Police: Notes on the Last Decades of Argentine Social History

Este texto reúne algunos ejemplos de una producción reciente en la historiografía argentina en el campo de las mujeres, el trabajo y la policía, dedicada al período comprendido entre mediados del siglo XIX y del XX. A partir de la producción en campos temáticos aparentemente disímiles, explora cómo se desarrolló la convivencia entre algunas tradiciones de la historia social argentina y sus renovaciones en las últimas décadas. Sostiene que estos estudios expresan combinaciones entre problemas de investigación que se alimentan de la historia desde abajo y una persistente valorización de una perspectiva global. El resultado, lejos de expresar una tendencia de fragmentación temática y metodológica, contribuye a la construcción de nuevos campos de problemas, principalmente en torno a las periodizaciones y las hipótesis que estas conllevan.This text addresses some examples of the recent Argentine historiography on women, labor and the police, particularly in the period between the midnineteenth and twentieth centuries. It explores the confluence between some traditions of Argentine social history and its renewal in recent decades. Taken together, these examples express creative combinations between research problems inspired on the history from below and a persistent valorization of a global perspective. Far from expressing a trend of thematic and methodological fragmentation, Argentine scholarship contributes to the construction of new fields of problems, periodizations and the underlying hypotheses.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Os apaches sul-americanos: Conexões atlânticas e polícia de costumes no início do século xx

Este artículo analiza la circulación atlántica de apaches en los años previos a la Primera Guerra Mundial. Explora dos dimensiones de los desplazamientos territoriales y semánticos de este moderno tipo de delincuente francés: los viajes de apaches parisinos hacia América del Sur y los significados específicos que el personaje adquirió al llegar a estas costas. Asociado a formas delictivas resultantes de las inmigraciones masivas, como los ladrones viajeros y los proxenetas internacionales, el apache fue objeto de una campaña de policía de costumbres alrededor de 1912 en Buenos Aires y en Río de Janeiro. Reinventado en los circuitos culturales atlánticos, terminó por ocupar un lugar central en las prácticas de vigilancia y cooperación entre ambas policías.The article analyzes the Atlantic circulation of apaches in the years preceding World War I. It explores two dimensions of the territorial and semantic displacements of this modern type of French criminal: the trips of Parisian apaches to South America and the specific meanings the figure acquired upon arrival to this side of the Atlantic. Associated with forms of crime resulting from massive immigration flows, such as traveling thieves and international pimps, the French criminal was the object of a morality police campaign in Buenos Aires and Río de Janeiro around 1912. Reinvented in the Atlantic cultural circuits, the French criminal ended up holding a central position in surveillance and cooperation practices between the two police forces.Este artigo analisa a circulação atlântica de apaches nos anos anteriores à Primeira Guerra Mundial. Explora duas dimensões dos deslocamentos territoriais e semânticos desse moderno tipo de delinquente francês: as viagens de apaches parisienses para a América do Sul e os significados específicos que essa figura adquiriu ao chegar a essas costas. Associado a formas delitivas resultantes das imigrações massivas, como os ladrões viajantes e os proxenetas internacionais, o delinquente francês foi objeto de uma campanha de polícia de costumes ao redor de 1912 em Buenos Aires e no Rio de Janeiro. Reinventado nos circuitos culturas atlânticos, terminou por ocupar um lugar central nas práticas de vigilância e cooperação entre ambas as polícias.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Galeano, Diego Antonio. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Dossier: sirvientas, trabajadoras y activistas. El género en la historia social inglesa

Este trabajo es la introducción al dossier "Sirvientas, trabajadoras y activistas. El género en la historia social inglesa", el cual reúne artículos de Dorothy Thompson, Catherine Hall y Carolyn Steedman, tres historiadoras británicas pertenecientes a distintas generaciones e inscriptas en la tradición de la historia social marxista. Los textos que aquí se presentan abordan el estudio de diversas experiencias de trabajo y organización de la clase trabajadora en la Inglaterra de los albores de la revolución industrial.Fil: Pita, Valeria Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; ArgentinaFil: Andújar, Andrea Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; ArgentinaFil: Palermo, Silvana Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto de Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentin

“Public women”, police regulation of prostitution and workers in Rio de Janeiro In the Beginning of the 20th Century

This article examinesthe social organization of the sex trade in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the period known as the First Republic (1889-1930). In the context of “non-regulationist” police’s vigilance in the turn of the 20th Century, and in the light of changing labour relations (only in 1888, in fact, slavery was abolished), the social experiences of prostitutes in Rio de Janeiro are revealing of many aspects of workers lives in that urban setting. Judicial records involving prostitutes show not only popular uses of the law, but also urban workers’ gendered sociability connected to prostitution.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Te brothel’s business: the Municipality and sex work (Buenos Aires, 1875)

O artigo analisa a construção da autoridade municipal na cidade de Buenos Aires ao longo dos primeiros anos de vigência do regulamento de casas de prostituição, aprovado em 1875. Por meio da documentação municipal, busca acompanhar alguns momentos das mudanças nas modalidades de exercício da prostituição a partir das ações municipais e policiais. Com isso, argumenta que a persistência de formas diversas de trabalho sexual e sua aceitação social obrigavam as autoridades municipais a reconhecer sua existência, enquanto enfrentavam os desafos da aplicação do regulamento. Ao mesmo tempo, sugere que os sentidos morais deste processo de defnição de lugares para a prostituição foram delineados de forma imbricada com os processos de especulação e expansão urbana.Te article analyzes the construction of the municipal authority in the city of Buenos Aires, during the frst years of the brothel regulation in force, enacted in 1875. Using municipal records, it tracks some instances of change in the exercise of prostitution through municipal and police action. Tus, it argues that the persistence of various forms of sex work and their social acceptance forced the municipal authorities to recognize their existence, while facing the challenges to implement the regulation. At the same time, it suggests that the moral senses of the process of assigning places for prostitution were delineated in a correlated manner with the processes of urban speculation and expansion.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

“We did All the Work for You”: Sex Work in Argentina in Pandemic Times

How did the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on sex workers? In different parts of the world, journalistic accounts have described how urban circulation restrictions and the risks of contagion left sex workers even more invisible than usual to government emergency aid programs and even more vulnerable than usual to police abuse and criminalization. This chapter presents a closer look at the initiatives of a trade union of sex workers in Buenos Aires during first six months of the lockdown. The intention is to focus on the reaction of organized sex workers to the sanitary emergency in light of their recent history. The shift in the meanings of work over the last decades of Argentina?s history has influenced the organization of sex workers, their position within the feminist field, and how they participate in the broader social organization of workers. For unionized prostitutes, the pandemic opened up a window to establish networks with the national state and to strengthen their historical demand for recognition as workers.Fil: Schettini Pereira, Cristiana. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentin