Hansen's disease in children under 15 years old in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, 2001-2012: epidemiological patterns and temporal trends

Introduction: Tocantins is the most hyperendemic state for leprosy in Brazil. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of leprosy indicators in children under 15 years old in Tocantins between the years of 2001 and 2012. Methodology: Data analysis of the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN). New cases under the age of 15 have been included in the state. The indicators were calculated and the temporal trends were analyzed through the join-point regression. Results: There were 1,225 cases in children, mean age of 10.8 years, and male predominated (52%). The mode of detection by spontaneous demand prevailed (55.8%) and more than 9% had some physical disability. Detection in < 15 years was significantly increased between 2001 and 2008 (anual percent change - APC = 3.8%; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 0.1 - 7.6), and showed significant decline between 2008 and 2012 (APC = -9.4%; 95%CI -17.2 - -0.8). There was stability for the detection of grade 2 cases (APC = 4.2%; 95%CI -6.7 - 16.3), proportion of grade 2 cases (APC = 4.1%; 95%CI 6.7 - 16.3), proportion of grade 1 cases (APC = 1.3%; 95%CI -6.2 - 9.3), multibacillary ratio (APC = 2.9%; 95%CI -1.7 - 7.7), and proportion of paucibacillary (APC = 2.9%; 95%CI -1.7 - 7.7). Conclusion: Leprosy remains an important public health problem in Tocantins, with active transmission and persistence of transmission foci. The stability of the indicators points out the permanence of the late diagnosis and the repressed demands

Saberes e práticas dos agentes comunitários de saúde no contexto da promoção da saúde: uma revisão integrativa :

Objective: We aim to identify in the literature the knowledge and practices of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on health promotion.Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF databases, with full text articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We used the Thematic Analysis method, using tables for better systematization.Results / Discussion: It was possible to analyze that the CHW work processes are strongly associated with technical training. There are gaps in the production of knowledge about health promotion as a daily practice, with the presence of preventive actions and distribution of commodities/medications and collection of socio-demographic information and of the health situation of the population, leaving the production of care based on health promotion on the background.Conclusion: The discussions highlight the creation of bonds and empathy, as inseparable tools in the work of the CHW.Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es identificar en la literatura el conocimiento y las prácticas de los Agentes de Salud de la Comunidad (ACS) sobre promoción de la salud.Método: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS y BDENF, de artículos completos en inglés, portugués o español. Utilizamos el método de análisis temático con el uso de tablas para una mejor sistematización.Resultados / Discusión: Fue posible analizar que los procesos de trabajo de ACS están fuertemente asociados con la capacitación técnica. Se observan las brechas en la producción de conocimiento sobre promoción de la salud, como práctica diaria, acciones preventivas y distribución de insumos / medicamentos, recolección de información sociodemográfica y la situación de salud de la población, perdiendo así el espacio para la producción de atención basada en promoción de la salud.Conclusión: La creación de lazos y la bienvenida como una herramienta inseparable para el trabajo de la ACS se vuelve pulsante en las discusiones.Objetivo: Objetivamos identificar na literatura os saberes e práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) sobre a promoção da saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF, de artigos na íntegra em inglês, português ou espanhol. Utilizamos o método Análise Temática com uso de quadros para melhor sistematização. Resultados/Discussão: Foi possível analisar que os processos de trabalhos dos ACS estão fortemente associados à formação técnica. As lacunas na produção do conhecimento sobre promoção da saúde, enquanto prática cotidiana, são observadas ações de prevenção e distribuição de insumos/medicamentos, coleta de informações sociodemográficas e situação de saúde da população, perdendo, dessa forma, espaço de produção de cuidado pautada na promoção da saúde. Conclusão: Torna-se pulsátil nas discussões a criação de vínculo e acolhimento como ferramenta indissociável para o trabalho do ACS

Community health agent’s work in control of hansens’ disease

The objective of this study is to describe the working process of the Community Health Agents (CHA) as they monitor people with Hansen’s disease. The CHA is a relatively new profession with only playing field in the Unified Health System and focus on disease prevention and health promotion. It is a quantitative study (n = 331), held in Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins and Piaui, between August/2009 and July/ 2010. Data were analyzed with the program EPI-INFO. The results were: 93% of the Community Health Agents are women, mean age 25 years. 84.2% / of the Community Health Agents has completed high school. 87.1% accompanying Hansen’s disease cases. 55.3% use any tool to record cases. 82.2% refer suspected cases to the basic health unit. 43.0% offer on Hansen’s disease. 53.2% of the CHA have training in the disease. The group is predominantly young adult women with secondary education. The study found that despite the low availability of training in control actions of Hansen’s disease, the CHA monitor patients in their territory

TRABALHO DO AGENTE COMUNITÁRIO DE SAÚDE NO CONTROLE DA HANSENÍASE

El objetivo fue describir el proceso de trabajo de los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud en el acompañamiento a las personas con lepra. La profesión es nueva, con actuación en el Sistema Único de Salud y se centra en la prevención de enfermedades y promoción de la salud. Estudio cuantitativo (n = 331), en Maranhão, Pará, Tocantins y Piauí, entre agosto/2009 y julio/2010. Los datos fueron analizados con el EPI-INFO. 93% de Agentes son mujeres, edad media 25 años; 84,2% concluyeron la escuela secundaria; 87,1% acompañan los casos de lepra; 55,3% utilizan herramienta para registrar los casos; 82,2% encaminan los casos sospechosos a la unidad básica de salud; 43,0% orientan sobre la lepra; 53,2% tienen formación en lepra. Grupo predominante de mujeres adultas jóvenes, con educación secundaria. A pesar de la baja disponibilidad de capacitación en las acciones de control de la lepra, los Agentes monitoran los pacientes en su territorio

Knowledge and practices of Community Health Workers in the context of health promotion: an integrative review

Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es identificar en la literatura el conocimiento y las prácticas de los Agentes de Salud de la Comunidad (ACS) sobre promoción de la salud. Método: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS y BDENF, de artículos completos en inglés, portugués o español. Utilizamos el método de análisis temático con el uso de tablas para una mejor sistematización. Resultados / Discusión: Fue posible analizar que los procesos de trabajo de ACS están fuertemente asociados con la capacitación técnica. Se observan las brechas en la producción de conocimiento sobre promoción de la salud, como práctica diaria, acciones preventivas y distribución de insumos / medicamentos, recolección de información sociodemográfica y la situación de salud de la población, perdiendo así el espacio para la producción de atención basada en promoción de la salud. Conclusión: La creación de lazos y la bienvenida como una herramienta inseparable para el trabajo de la ACS se vuelve pulsante en las discusiones.PORTUGUÉS RESUMO:Objetivo: Objetivamos identificar na literatura os saberes e práticas dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) sobre a promoção da saúde.Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e BDENF, de artigos na íntegra em inglês, português ou espanhol. Utilizamos o método Análise Temática com uso de quadros para melhor sistematização. Resultados/Discussão: Foi possível analisar que os processos de trabalhos dos ACS estão fortemente associados à formação técnica. As lacunas na produção do conhecimento sobre promoção da saúde, enquanto prática cotidiana, são observadas ações de prevenção e distribuição de insumos/medicamentos, coleta de informações sociodemográficas e situação de saúde da população, perdendo, dessa forma, espaço de produção de cuidado pautada na promoção da saúde. Conclusão: Torna-se pulsátil nas discussões a criação de vínculo e acolhimento como ferramenta indissociável para o trabalho do ACS.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Objective: We aim to identify in the literature the knowledge and practices of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on health promotion.Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF databases, with full text articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We used the Thematic Analysis method, using tables for better systematization. Results / Discussion: It was possible to analyze that the CHW work processes are strongly associated with technical training. There are gaps in the production of knowledge about health promotion as a daily practice, with the presence of preventive actions and distribution of commodities/medications and collection of socio-demographic information and of the health situation of the population, leaving the production of care based on health promotion on the background. Conclusion: The discussions highlight the creation of bonds and empathy, as inseparable tools in the work of the CHW

Repercussions of teenage pregnancy in the life of adult women

To uncover the repercussions of pregnancy during adolescence on the life of women in adulthood. Methods: a qualitative study performed in a Basic Health Unit. Individual data were collected and recorded with seven women for data collection. For the organization of the data, the Thematic Categories Analysis was adopted. Results: three categories emerged: recalling the experiences of pregnancy in adolescence, positive and negative repercussions of teenage pregnancy in the view of women and rescuing knowledge about contraceptive methods in adolescence. Conclusion: the pregnancy occurred in adolescence had positive repercussions when reporting the development of responsibility and maturity, the constitution of a family, and being a mother. As for the negative aspects, the following were observed: the non-completion of the studies; fear of having another child; responsibility; difficulty in reaching plans for the future

Chitosan produced from Mucorales fungi using agroindustrial by-products and its efficacy to inhibit Colletotrichum species

This study evaluated corn steep liquor (CSL) and papaya peel juice (PPJ) in mixture as substrates for thecultivation (96 h, 28◦C, pH 5.6, 150 rpm) of Mucorales fungi for chitosan production, and determinedthe growth-inhibitory effect of the fungal chitosan (FuCS) obtained under optimized conditions againstphytopathogenic Colletotrichum species. All Mucorales fungi tested were capable of growing in CSL-PPJmedium, showing FuCS production in the range of 5.02 (Fennelomyces heterothalicus SIS 28) − 15.63 mg/g(Cunninghamella elegans SIS 41). Highest FuCS production (37.25 mg/g) was achieved when C. eleganswas cultivated in medium containing 9.43% CSL and 42.5% PPJ. FuCS obtained under these conditionsshowed a deacetylation degree of 86%, viscosity of 120 cP and molecular weight of 4.08 × 104g/mol.FuCS at 5000, 7500 and 10,000 ppm inhibited the growth of all Colletotrichum species tested. FuCS alsoinduced alterations in the morphology of C. fructicola hyphae. CSL-PPJ mixtures are suitable substratesfor the cultivation of Mucorales fungi for FuCS production. Chitosan from C. elegans cultivated in CSL-PPJmedium is effective in inhibiting phytopathogenic Colletotrichum species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio