Supramolecular Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes at Interfaces: Toward Applications

The properties at interfaces play important roles in biology and electronics. In the last 20 years, new carbon allotropes, like carbon nanotubes, have emerged as novel suitable substrates for the production of derivatives with wide range of technological applications. Since then, a great attention has been drawn in the study of the biological and technological properties of these novel allotropes at interfaces. Among the plethora of chemical reactions adopted to improve the properties of these nanostructured carbon species, the one employing supramolecular approaches have rapidly increased during the last years. In this chapter we will review the supramolecular approaches aimed at the functionalization of these carbon-based nanostructures focusing on their properties and applicative uses as self-organized materials at interfaces

The Incentives of a Common Good Based CSR for SDG’s Achievement: the Importance of Mission Statement

According to the entity theory, the !rm is a real person interested in survival and growth quantitatively and qualitatively. However, the literature is often vague and ambiguous for what concern the conditions to achieve for the survival and growth, as well as the modalities through which !nd the right compromise between continuity (or long-term pro!tability) and social function (or sociality) of the !rm. This chapter wants to contribute to the theories that consider the !rm as a real entity, proposing the concept of ‘primary interest of the !rm’, which includes the conditions that allow firms to survive and grow, as well as to serve the common good of their stakeholders and society. The primary interest concept is multidimensional and derives from the intersection of three theories: equilibrium theory, stakeholder theory and common good theory

BRCA2 Polymorphic stop codon K3326X and the risk of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers

Q1Q1Artículo Original1-10Background: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A>T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormonerelated cancers. Methods: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10-6) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10-3). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10-5 and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10-5, respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations