Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Level Upon Calcium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Balance in Swine

Three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus level upon calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen balance in growing swine. The nine pigs in each trial averaged 22.6, 25.2 and 26.5 kg initially for trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The diets contained three levels of calcium and three levels of phosphorus and were rotated among the pigs in the three trials. Feed intake was adjusted to metabolic size

Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Level Upon Calcium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Balance in Swine

Three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus level upon calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen balance in growing swine. The nine pigs in each trial averaged 22.6, 25.2 and 26.5 kg initially for trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The diets contained three levels of calcium and three levels of phosphorus and were rotated among the pigs in the three trials. Feed intake was adjusted to metabolic size

EC64-210 Swine Ration Suggestions

Extension 64-210 is about rationing for swine. The publication includes information about sources of protein, supplements, and parakeratosis

Effects of Microbial Feed Additives on Performance of Starter and Growing-Finishing Pigs

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid-producing microbial feed additives (Probiotics) on performance of starting and growing-finishing pigs. Two commercially available probiotics, Probios (L. acidopbilus) and Feed-Mate 68 (Streptococcus faecium type Cernelle 68), were used. In the first of two starter trials, 192 crossbred pigs (initial weight 7 kg) were used in a 2 • 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, with Probios and antibiotics (ASP-250, lincomycin, tylosin) as the main effects

An Evaluation of Threonine and Isoleucine as the Third and Fourth Limiting Amino Acids in Corn For Growing Swine

A metabolism experiment and two growth experiments were conducted to determine if threonine and isoleucine are the third and fourth limiting amino acids in corn for growing swine. In each experiment there were four dietary treatments. The basal diet contained corn fortified with minerals, vitamins, lysine and tryptophan. Threonine additions of 0 or .17% and isoleucine additions of 0 or .22% of the diet were evaluated in a 2 • 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The addition of threonine reduced (P\u3c.001) the daily urinary excretion of urea N and total N. There was a tendency for urea N excretion to be reduced further when isoleucine was added in combination with threonine

Value of High Fiber Diets for Grand Swine

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of roughages on the utilization of dietary nitrogen, energy and fiber by gravid swine. Water consumption, backfat depletion, pregnancy weight gain, and reproductive performance were used as response criteria

Effect of Source of Pig, Housing System, and Receiving Diet on Performance of Purchased Feeder Pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of source of pig, housing system and receiving diet on performance of purchased feeder pigs. Pigs purchased from distant auction markets (DM) gained slower for the first 13 d post-arrival (P\u3c.01, trials 1 and 2) than pigs of similar size purchased from local, one-owner sources (LS)

Amino Acid and Energy Interrelationships in Pigs Weighing from 20 to 50 Kilograms: Rate and Efficiency of Protein and Fat Deposition

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between amino acids and DE for pigs weighing 20 to 50 kg. In Exp. 1, there were three dietary lysine levels that were either adjusted (1.50, 2.35 and 3.20 g/Mcal DE) for five DE levels (3.00 to 4.00 Mcal/kg) or unadjusted (.45, .71 and .%% of the diet) for three DE levels (3.50 to 4.00 Mcal/kg). In Exp. 2, diets containing six 1ysine:DE ratios (1.90 to 3.90 g/Mcal) at two DE levels (3.25 and 3.75 Mcal/kg) were fed. Pigs were housed individuiiy, and could eat and drink ad libitum. When pigs weighed 50 kg, their empty body composition was determined by the urea dilution technique in Exp. 1 and by prediction equations based on backfat in Exp. 2. For the adjusted diets in Exp. 1, protein deposition and protein deposition:DE intake increased (P \u3c .01) slightly as DE levels increased. These criteria decreased linearly (P \u3c .001), and fat deposition increased (P = .11) as DE increased when 1ysine:DE ratios were not maintained. As lysine levels increased, protein deposition and protein deposition: DE intake increased (P \u3c .001) in both the adjusted and unadjusted diets. In Exp. 2, there was no effect of DE on either the rate or efficiency of protein deposition. Both protein deposition and protein deposition: DE intake increased (P \u3c .001) and fat deposition decreased as 1ysine:DE ratios increased up to 3.00 g lysine/Mcal DE. Protein deposition: lysine intake decreased (P \u3c .01) progressively as the 1ysine:DE ratio increased. Regression analyses indicated that protein deposition increased up to 3.00 g 1ysineMcal DE. The results demonstrate the need to adjust lysine according to energy levels and indicate that the optimum ratio for protein deposition was approximately 3.00 g lysine/Mcal DE (or 49 g of balanced protein/Mcal DE)

Effects of Microbial Feed Additives on Performance of Starter and Growing-Finishing Pigs

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid-producing microbial feed additives (Probiotics) on performance of starting and growing-finishing pigs. Two commercially available probiotics, Probios (L. acidopbilus) and Feed-Mate 68 (Streptococcus faecium type Cernelle 68), were used. In the first of two starter trials, 192 crossbred pigs (initial weight 7 kg) were used in a 2 • 4 factorial arrangement of treatments, with Probios and antibiotics (ASP-250, lincomycin, tylosin) as the main effects

The Effects of Sorbic Acid in High Moisture Sorghum Grain Diets on Performance of Weanling Swine

Three experiments were conducted with 288 weanling pigs to determine the effects of sorbic acid (SA) added to dry (DSG), high moisture (HMSG) or reconstituted (RSG) sorghum grain diets on gains and feed conversion. Dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were: DSG with and without .1% SA; HMSG with .1% SA and RSG with .1% SA. The DSG diets were fed ad libitum. The HMSG and RSG diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 3 and 7 d and were also fed ad libitum. Pigs fed RSG diets consumed more feed than those fed HMSG diets (P\u3c.08). Performance was similar between pigs fed DSG diets without or with SA. Dietary treatments for Exp. 2 and 3 consisted of sorghum grains reconstituted to two moisture contents (MC), with additions of either 0, .05 or .I% SA. The diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 7 d and fed ad libitum. In Exp. 2 and 3, pigs fed the higher MC diets were more efficient in feed conversion (P\u3c.03) than those fed the lower MC diets. In Exp. 3, a quadratic response (P\u3c.04) for average daily gain and average daily feed intake was observed for the main effect of SA. Feed efficiency improved (P\u3c.05) in a linear fashion as SA levels were increased in the diets. The results of these experiments indicate that weanling pigs may be fed HMSG or RSG without adverse effects on pig performance. Inconsistencies in pig response to SA were observed. Feed temperature measurements indicated that SA prevented heat production in the RSG diets for at least 10 d after removal from oxygen-limiting storage, while diets without SA became moldy within 5 d