Responding to Climate Change: The Economy and Economics - Part of the Problem and Solution

The Climate Change Starter’s Guide provides an introduction and overview for education planners and practitioners on the wide range of issues relating to climate change and climate change education, including causes, impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies, as well as some broad political and economic principles. The aim of this guide is to serve as a starting point for mainstreaming climate change education into school curricula. It has been created to enable education planners and practitioners to understand the issues at hand, to review and analyse their relevance to particular national and local contexts, and to facilitate the development of education policies, curricula, programmes and lesson plans. The guide covers four major thematic areas: 1. the science of climate change, which explains the causes and observed changes; 2. the social and human aspects of climate change including gender, health, migration, poverty and ethics; 3. policy responses to climate change including measures for mitigation and adaptation; and 4. education approaches including education for sustainable development, disaster reduction and sustainable lifestyles. A selection of key resources in the form of publication titles or websites for further reading is provided after each of the thematic sections

HREM study of the matrix-pirecipitate interface structure and deformation mechanisms in a cobalt based superalloy

The structure of a Co-Ni-Cr-Nb superalloy has been studied using high resolution electron microscopy. An ordered hexagonal phase precipitates during annealing at temperatures from 700 to 850 °C. The compact planes and compact directions of the fcc matrix and precipitates are mutually parallel. The matrix precipitate interface is constituted by 3 sets of edge dislocations in a triangular distribution. The dislocation strain field has been calculated using the formalism of the Somigliana dislocations. Traction experiments were performed at room temperature and deformed samples were observed using HREM. The deformation mechanisms and gliding dislocations have been identified.La structure d'un superalliage Co-Ni-Cr-Nb a été étudiée par microscopie électronique à haute résolution. Une phase durcissante de structure hexagonale ordonnée est présente après un recuit de vieillissement à des températures comprises entre 700 et 850 °C. La relation d'orientation mutuelle matrice-précipité indique que les plans et directions compactes des deux phases sont parallèles. L'interface est constituée par 3 familles de dislocations coins formant un réseau triangulaire. Le champ de déformation de ces dislocations a été modélisé grâce au formalisme des dislocations de Somigliana. Des échantillons ont été déformés en traction à température ambiante et observés en haute résolution. Les mécanismes par lesquels les précipités sont déformés ont été identifiés ainsi que les dislocations responsables de ces déformations

Segregation, precipitation and wetting of tilt grain boundaries in molybdenum

The intrinsic structure of different tilt grain boundaries in bcc molybdenum is determined by electron microscopy and compared to the ones obtained after an annealing treatment of the same boundaries in presence of different impurities like carbon and nickel. Specially grown bicrystals with tilt axes parallel to [ 001] and [ 011] are used. The boundaries correspond to the major coincidence relationships Sigma = 5, Sigma = 3 and Sigma = 11. Their experimental atomic structure is compared to calculated ones. After the treatments in presence of carbon or nickel the new structure is determined by electron microscopy from the structural and chemical aspect. After a treatment in presence of carbon the Sigma = 5[001]{310} boundary contains either a segregation or a very thin precipitate layer of a new MoCx quadratic phase. In presence of nickel, the physical phenomenon is possibly a wetting of the boundary. The different [011] tilt boundaries have a different behavior according to their respective energy

OXYGEN SEGREGATION IN 32° [001] MOLYBDENUM TILT GRAIN BOUNDARY I. SEGREGATION SITES DETERMINATION

Les sites de ségrégation de l'oxygène dans le joint de flexion de 32° autour de [001] du molybdène ont été déterminés, d'après des simulations de structures atomiques par une méthode de relaxation statique et des observations de ce joint de grains pur par microscopie electronique de haute résolution. Pour les simulations, on a utilisé des potentiels interatomiques solvant-soluté correspondant à divers rayons du soluté et reproduisant l'enthalpie de mélange de l'oxygène dans le molybdène (2,6 eV).The segregation sites for oxygen in molybdenum 32°[001] tilt grain boundary are determined on the basis of static gain boundary simulations and pure grain boundary high resolution electron microscope observations. Interatomic solute-solvent potentials corresponding to different solute atom radii and reproducing the enthalpy of mixing of oxygen in molybdenum (2.6 eV) are used

The core structures of transformation dislocations at TiAl/Ti_3Al interfaces

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RM 1373 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Evidence of Correlation between Catalyst Particles and the Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Diameter: A First Step towards Chirality Control

International audienc