522 research outputs found
Masked Vision and Language Pre-training with Unimodal and Multimodal Contrastive Losses for Medical Visual Question Answering
Medical visual question answering (VQA) is a challenging task that requires
answering clinical questions of a given medical image, by taking consider of
both visual and language information. However, due to the small scale of
training data for medical VQA, pre-training fine-tuning paradigms have been a
commonly used solution to improve model generalization performance. In this
paper, we present a novel self-supervised approach that learns unimodal and
multimodal feature representations of input images and text using medical image
caption datasets, by leveraging both unimodal and multimodal contrastive
losses, along with masked language modeling and image text matching as
pretraining objectives. The pre-trained model is then transferred to downstream
medical VQA tasks. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA)
performance on three publicly available medical VQA datasets with significant
accuracy improvements of 2.2%, 14.7%, and 1.7% respectively. Besides, we
conduct a comprehensive analysis to validate the effectiveness of different
components of the approach and study different pre-training settings. Our codes
and models are available at https://github.com/pengfeiliHEU/MUMC.Comment: accepted by MICCAI202
Cerebral Falx Mature Teratoma with Rare Imaging in an Adult
Intracranial mature teratoma is a rare lesion in adults. Despite several intracranial mature teratomas had been reported not to be located at the midline region, no one was found to be within cerebral falx. Herein, we reported a 37-year-old female patient with an intracranial mature teratoma confined within frontal cerebral falx. Her main complaint was intermitted headache, which could not be relieved recently by taking painkiller. Excepting for mild papilledema, we did not find positive neurological signs on physical examination. CT scanning showed it was a round homogenously hypodense lesion with hyperdense signal at its rim. MRI revealed the lesion was 3.5cm×3.6cm×4.5cm in volume, with uniformed hypointensity on T1WI, hyperintensity on T2WI and enhancement in the capsule. It was totally removed via inter-hemispheric approach, and we found the lesion was confined within the frontal cerebral falx. Postoperatively, it was proved histologically to be a mature teratoma. At three years of fellow up, neither neurological deficits nor recurrent sings on MRI was found. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of intracranial mature teratoma within cerebral falx
Self-supervised vision-language pretraining for Medical visual question answering
Medical image visual question answering (VQA) is a task to answer clinical
questions, given a radiographic image, which is a challenging problem that
requires a model to integrate both vision and language information. To solve
medical VQA problems with a limited number of training data, pretrain-finetune
paradigm is widely used to improve the model generalization. In this paper, we
propose a self-supervised method that applies Masked image modeling, Masked
language modeling, Image text matching and Image text alignment via contrastive
learning (M2I2) for pretraining on medical image caption dataset, and finetunes
to downstream medical VQA tasks. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art
performance on all the three public medical VQA datasets. Our codes and models
are available at https://github.com/pengfeiliHEU/M2I2.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Strain-induced semiconductor to metal transition in MA2Z4 bilayers
Very recently, a new type of two-dimensional layered material MoSi2N4 has
been fabricated, which is semiconducting with weak interlayer interaction, high
strength, and excellent stability. We systematically investigate theoretically
the effect of vertical strain on the electronic structure of MA2Z4 (M=Ti/Cr/Mo,
A=Si, Z=N/P) bilayers. Taking bilayer MoSi2N4 as an example, our first
principle calculations show that its indirect band gap decreases monotonically
as the vertical compressive strain increases. Under a critical strain around
22%, it undergoes a transition from semiconductor to metal. We attribute this
to the opposite energy shift of states in different layers, which originates
from the built-in electric field induced by the asymmetric charge transfer
between two inner sublayers near the interface. Similar semiconductor to metal
transitions are observed in other strained MA2Z4 bilayers, and the estimated
critical pressures to realize such transitions are within the same order as
semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. The semiconductor to metal
transitions observed in the family of MA2Z4 bilayers present interesting
possibilities for strain-induced engineering of their electronic properties
(1R*,2R*)-1-(7-Bromo-3-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylbutan-2-ol
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C33H32BrNO2, the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring are oriented at dihedral angles of 82.24 (4) and 79.53 (4)°, respectively, to the quinoline ring system. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs between the hydroxy H atom and the amine N atom
(R)-1-[(S)-(3-Cyanothiomorpholino)carbonyl]-2-methylpropylaminium chloride dihydrate
In the title compound, C10H18N3OS+·Cl−·2H2O, the three C atoms of the isopropyl group are disordered and were refined using a split-site mode [occupancy ratio 0.53 (3):0.47 (3)]. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water molecules are connected via O—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding
Duszność spowodowana gruźliczakami powstającymi w rdzeniu przedłużonym w czasie leczenia gruźliczego zapalenia opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych
Formation of tuberculoma is a rare response of neurotuberculosis in patients regularly and adequately treated with anti-tuberculous drugs. We report a 13-year-old girl with two tuberculomas which formed in the dorsal part of the medulla oblongata during chemotherapy for tuberculous meningitis. The tuberculomas were both removed via a suboccipital midline approach and were demonstrated by pathological findings but the girl died of cardiac arrest that was thought to be caused by postoperative medulla oblongata oedema. In combination with a literature review, we discuss the clinical features and treatment options of brainstem tuberculomas.Tworzenie się gruźliczaka jest rzadką reakcją w przebiegu właściwie leczonej gruźlicy układu nerwowego. W pracy autorzy opisują przypadek 13-letniej dziewczynki z dwoma gruźliczakami, które utworzyły się w grzbietowej części rdzenia przedłużonego w czasie farmakologicznego leczenia gruźliczego zapalenia opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych. Oba gruźliczaki usunięto z dostępu podpotylicznego w linii środkowej i potwierdzono ich rozpoznanie w badaniu histopatologicznym, ale pacjentka zmarła w wyniku zatrzymania krążenia, przypuszczalnie wskutek pooperacyjnego obrzęku rdzenia przedłużonego. Na podstawie przedstawionego przypadku i przeglądu piśmiennictwa omówiono objawy kliniczne i możliwości leczenia gruźliczaków pnia mózgu
- …