Experimental Study on Anisotropic Strength and Deformation Behavior of a Coal Measure Shale under Room Dried and Water Saturated Conditions

This paper presents an experimental investigation of anisotropic strength and deformation behavior of coal measure shale. The effect of two factors (i.e., anisotropy and water content) on shale strength and deformation behavior was studied. A series of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were conducted on both room dried and water saturated samples for different lamination angles. The test results indicate that (1) the compressive strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, tangent Young’s modulus, and axial strain corresponding to the peak and residual strengths of room dried specimens exhibit anisotropic behavior that strongly depends on the orientation angle ; (2) in comparison to the room dried samples, the compressive strength and Young’s modulus as well as the anisotropy are all reduced for water saturated specimens; and (3) the failure mechanism of the samples can be summarized into two categories: sliding along lamination and shearing of rock material, with the type occurring in a particular situation depending strongly on the lamination orientation angles with respect to the major principal stress. According to the findings, it is strongly recommended that the effect of anisotropy and water content on the strength and deformation behavior of the rock must be considered in ground control designs

Investigation of a Side-polished Fiber MZI and Its Sensing Performance

A novel all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which consists of lateral core fusion splicing of a short section of side-polished single mode fiber (SMF) between two SMFs was proposed and demonstrated. A simple fiber side-polished platform was built to control the side polished depth through a microscope. The sensitivity of the fiber MZI structure to the surrounding refractive index (RI) can be greatly improved with the increase of the side-polished depth, but has no effect on the temperature sensitivity. The sensor with a polished depth of 44.2 μm measured RI sensitivity up to -118.0 nm/RIU (RI unit) in the RI range from 1.333 to 1.387, which agrees well with simulation results by using the beam propagation method (BPM). In addition, the fiber MZI structure also can achieve simultaneous measurement of both RI and temperature. These results show its potential for use in-line fiber type sensing application

Liver Transplantation in an Adult with Citrullinaemia Type 2

Citrullinaemia is a urea cycle defect that results from a deficiency of the enzyme arginosuccinate synthetase. Type 1 disease is diagnosed in childhood, whereas Type 2 disease is adult onset. We report the outcome of a patient with citrullinemia Type 2 who received a liver transplant at our center and the implications of this diagnosis in liver transplantation