物件索引

千葉医学雑誌70-

奥付

<p>The reaction enthalpies (Δ<i>H</i>), reaction Gibbs energies (Δ<i>G</i>) and energy barrier heights with ZPE corrections (Δ<i>E</i>+ZPE), at 298 K, for the reactions of SA with ·OH in water phase (in kJ/mol).</p

Table_1_Motor skills and cognitive benefits in children and adolescents: Relationship, mechanism and perspectives.DOCX

ObjectiveThere is a strong interaction between motor skills and cognitive benefits for children and young people. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between motor skill types and their development and the cognitive benefits of children and adolescents. In turn, on this basis, it proposes pathways and mechanisms by which motor skills improve cognition, and provide a basis for subsequent teaching of skills that follow the laws of brain cognitive development.MethodsThis paper summarizes the research on the relationship between different types of motor skills and their development and cognitive benefits of children and adolescents. Based on these relationships, pathways, and mechanisms for motor skills to improve cognition are tentatively proposed.ResultsThere is an overall pattern of “open > closed, strategy > interception, sequence > continuous” between motor skill types and the cognitive benefits of children and adolescents. Long-term motor skill learning practice is accompanied by increased cognitive benefits as skill proficiency increases. The dynamic interaction between motor skills and physical activity exposes children and adolescents to environmental stimuli and interpersonal interactions of varying complexity, promoting the development of agility, coordination and cardiorespiratory fitness, enhancing their motor experience, which in turn improves brain structure and functional activity.ConclusionMotor skills training promote cognitive efficiency in children and adolescents. Motor skill interventions that are open-ended, strategic and sequential in nature are more effective. Environmental stimuli, interpersonal interaction, agility, coordination, and cardiorespiratory fitness can be considered as skill attribute moderators of motor skills to improve cognition.</p

Pair Copula Constructions for Insurance Experience Rating

<p>In nonlife insurance, insurers use experience rating to adjust premiums to reflect policyholders’ previous claim experience. Performing prospective experience rating can be challenging when the claim distribution is complex. For instance, insurance claims are semicontinuous in that a fraction of zeros is often associated with an otherwise positive continuous outcome from a right-skewed and long-tailed distribution. Practitioners use credibility premium that is a special form of the shrinkage estimator in the longitudinal data framework. However, the linear predictor is not informative especially when the outcome follows a mixed distribution. In this article, we introduce a mixed vine pair copula construction framework for modeling semicontinuous longitudinal claims. In the proposed framework, a two-component mixture regression is employed to accommodate the zero inflation and thick tails in the claim distribution. The temporal dependence among repeated observations is modeled using a sequence of bivariate conditional copulas based on a mixed D-vine. We emphasize that the resulting predictive distribution allows insurers to incorporate past experience into future premiums in a nonlinear fashion and the classic linear predictor can be viewed as a nested case. In the application, we examine a unique claims dataset of government property insurance from the state of Wisconsin. Due to the discrepancies between the claim and premium distributions, we employ an ordered Lorenz curve to evaluate the predictive performance. We show that the proposed approach offers substantial opportunities for separating risks and identifying profitable business when compared with alternative experience rating methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.</p

Exploring Diamond Nanoneedle Arrays: Fabrication and Emerging Applications in Biomedical Engineering

ConspectusDiamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Their exceptional mechanical strength, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and high thermal conductivity make them ideal candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications. Various formats, including nanodiamonds, diamond nanofilms, and diamond nanoneedle arrays (DNNAs), have been fabricated and used, exhibiting remarkable stability and low cytotoxicity. In particular, high-aspect-ratio and high-density DNNAs demonstrate promising potential for live cell manipulation and analysis because of their unique combination of mechanical robustness, chemical stability, and well-forged bio–nanointerfaces. On the other hand, the chemical stability of diamond material makes fabrication and functionalization challenging, which could be improved for their wider adoption.Recent research efforts have focused on the development and optimization of diamond nanoneedle fabrication techniques, aiming to achieve precise control over the geometry and array layout, as well as enhancing their functionalization for targeted drug delivery, cellular manipulation, and biosensing applications. One notable breakthrough in this area is the successful synthesis of well-ordered DNNAs through innovative fabrication processes, such as combining top-down and bottom-up approaches. These efforts have led to significant improvements in the uniformity, reproducibility, and scalability of the resulting nanoneedle structures.Leveraging their unique structure, diamond nanoneedle arrays have become a novel and versatile platform for a variety of biomedical applications. Through chemical modifications and biological functionalization of their surfaces, DNNAs offer a distinct biointerface capable of penetrating cell interiors and profiling intracellular molecules without compromising cell integrity. Furthermore, the nanoscale distribution of these nanoneedles enables DNNAs to gather heterogeneous information from biological samples with spatial resolution. Consequently, DNNAs have been effectively utilized in diverse areas, ranging from targeted drug delivery to highly sensitive and selective biosensing.In this Account, we summarize our continuous efforts on utilizing bias-assisted plasma etching for the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio DNNA, which was subsequently functionalized and integrated as a generally applicable platform technology for various biomedical applications. The summary starts by elucidating the working principles of DNNA fabrication with bias-assisted plasma etching, followed by showcasing numerous biomedical applications. Specifically, we demonstrate the outstanding performance of DNNAs in live cell manipulation, especially for highly efficient intracellular delivery across multiple cell types, high-throughput intracellular molecular tracking in living cells, and spatiotemporal transcriptomic mapping in disease models. In the concluding section, we summarize unresolved challenges and discuss future potential applications facilitated by DNNAs. We emphasize the importance of continued research and innovation in this area to further unlock the transformative potential of DNNAs in biomedical engineering and beyond

A Theoretical Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Piceatannol and Isorhapontigenin Scavenging Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Radicals

<div><p>The antioxidant activity of naturally occurring stilbene compounds piceatannol (PIC) and isorhapontigenin (ISO) scavenging two free radicals (NO and NO₂) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) method. Four reaction mechanisms have been considered: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical adduct formation (RAF), single electron transfer (SET), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). The reaction channels in water solution were traced independently, and the respective thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were obtained. We found PIC and ISO scavenge NO mainly through RAF mechanism, and scavenge NO₂ through HAT mechanism. The capacity of PIC scavenging NO₂ is much higher than ISO, but the reactivity of scavenging NO is lower than ISO.</p></div

Venn diagram illustrating the overlap of the four bacterial communities from the initial inoculum and the samples of the top, middle and bottom layers.

<p>The shared OTUs (69) were analysed at the phylum level.</p

The reaction energy barriers (Δ<i>G</i>^<i>≠</i>) for the reactions of PIC and ISO scavenging ·OH, ·OOH, NO and NO₂ in water solution (in kJ/mol).

<p>The reaction energy barriers (Δ<i>G</i>^<i>≠</i>) for the reactions of PIC and ISO scavenging ·OH, ·OOH, NO and NO₂ in water solution (in kJ/mol).</p

p<i>K</i>_a values of PIC and ISO, and molar fractions (f) in water solution at PH = 7.4.

<p>p<i>K</i>_a values of PIC and ISO, and molar fractions (f) in water solution at PH = 7.4.</p

The geometries of TS for PIC and ISO scavenging NO, fully optimized at M05-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory.

<p>All TS have only one imaginary frequency which corresponds to the expected motion along the reaction coordinate.</p