A Novel Approach for Enhancing Thermal Performance of Battery Modules Based on Finite Element Modeling and Predictive Modeling Mechanism

Electric vehicles (EVs) are estimated as the most sustainable solutions for future transportation requirements. However, there are various problems related to the battery pack module and one such problem is invariable high-temperature differences across the battery pack module due to the discharging and charging of batteries under operating conditions of EVs. High-temperature differences across the battery module contribute to the degradation of maximum charge storage and capacity of Li-ion batteries which ultimately affects the performance of EVs. To address this problem, a finite element modeling (FEM) based automated neural network search (ANS) approach is proposed. The research methodology constitutes of four stages: design of air-cooled battery pack module, setup of the FEM constraints and thermal equations, formulating the predictive model on generated data using ANS, and lastly performing multi-objective response optimization of the best fit predictive model to formulate optimum design constraints for the air-cooled battery module. For efficient thermal management of the battery module, an empirical model is formulated using the mentioned methodology for minimizing the maximum temperature differences, standard deviation of temperature across the battery pack module, and battery pack volume. The results obtained are as follows: (1) the battery pack module volume is reduced from 0.003279 m3 to 0.002321 m3 by 29.21%, (2) the maximum temperature differences across the eight cells of battery pack module declines from 6.81 K to 4.38 K by 35.66%, and (3) the standard deviation of temperature across battery pack decreases from 4.38 K to 0.93 K by 78.69%. Thus, the predictive empirical model enhances the thermal management and safety factor of battery module

A Thermal Investigation and Optimization of an Air-Cooled Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

An effective battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to ensure that the battery pack operates within the normal temperature range, especially for multi-cell batteries. This paper studied the optimal configuration of an air-cooling (AC) system for a cylindrical battery pack. The thermal parameters of the single battery were measured experimentally. The heat dissipation performance of a single battery was analyzed and compared with the simulation results. The experimental and simulation results were in good agreement, which proves the validity of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Various schemes with different battery arrangements, different positions of the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and the number of inlets and outlets were compared. The results showed that an arrangement that uses a small length-width ratio is more conducive to promoting the performance of the cooling system. The inlet and outlet configuration of the cooling system, which facilitates fluid flow over most of the battery pack over shorter distances is more beneficial to battery thermal management. The configuration of a large number of inlets and outlets can facilitate more flexible adjustment of the fluid flow state and can slow down battery heating to a greater extent

Control Performance Improvement of Hydro-Viscous Clutch Based on Fuzzy-PID Controller

As a rotational speed controller, a hydro-viscous clutch (HVC) is usually used in the constant pressure water supply system to maintain the needed water pressure constant. However, when the hydro-viscous clutch is working, it often suffers from the problem of output rotational speed fluctuation since the spool of proportional relief valve can easily get stuck. Consequently, water pressure will fluctuate too. A special pump control system of HVC was proposed based on the Fuzzy-PID controller for the purpose of reducing the fluctuation rate. The MATLAB simulation was carried out according to the mathematical model and the results show that the Fuzzy-PID control strategy is superior to traditional PID control. The corresponding experiment was performed and the result indicate that through applying the Fuzzy-PID controller based pump control system, the rotational output speed fluctuation of HVC can be inhibited from ±60π to ±6π rad/min, and the water pressure fluctuation is dropped from ±0.1 to ±0.002 MPa

Control Performance Improvement of Hydro-Viscous Clutch Based on Fuzzy-PID Controller

As a rotational speed controller, a hydro-viscous clutch (HVC) is usually used in the constant pressure water supply system to maintain the needed water pressure constant. However, when the hydro-viscous clutch is working, it often suffers from the problem of output rotational speed fluctuation since the spool of proportional relief valve can easily get stuck. Consequently, water pressure will fluctuate too. A special pump control system of HVC was proposed based on the Fuzzy-PID controller for the purpose of reducing the fluctuation rate. The MATLAB simulation was carried out according to the mathematical model and the results show that the Fuzzy-PID control strategy is superior to traditional PID control. The corresponding experiment was performed and the result indicate that through applying the Fuzzy-PID controller based pump control system, the rotational output speed fluctuation of HVC can be inhibited from ±60π to ±6π rad/min, and the water pressure fluctuation is dropped from ±0.1 to ±0.002 MPa

Integrated Guidance System of a Commercial Launch Vehicle

This paper proposes a concept of integrated on-board navigation systems for commercial launch vehicles in the context of the current task, and provided mathematical models of its elements for different variants of designing structure and composition. Has been set and simulated the technical problem of the conceptual design of an integrated navigation system for the space launch vehicle qualified to insert small artificial Earth satellites into low and medium circular orbits with application of GPS technologies

Integrated Guidance System of a Commercial Launch Vehicle

This paper proposes a concept of integrated on-board navigation systems for commercial launch vehicles in the context of the current task, and provided mathematical models of its elements for different variants of designing structure and composition. Has been set and simulated the technical problem of the conceptual design of an integrated navigation system for the space launch vehicle qualified to insert small artificial Earth satellites into low and medium circular orbits with application of GPS technologies

Novel electro-hydraulic position control system for primary mirror supporting system

In the field of modern large-scale telescope, primary mirror supporting system technology faces the difficulties of theoretically uniform output force request and bias compensation. Therefore, a novel position control system combining hydraulic system with servo motor system is introduced. The novel system ensures uniform output force on supporting points without complicating the mechanical structure. The structures of both primary mirror supporting system and novel position system are described. Then, the mathematical model of novel position control system is derived for controller selection. A proportional–derivative controller is adopted for simulations and experiments of step response and triangle path tracking. The results show that proportional–derivative controller guarantees the system with micrometer-level positioning ability. A modified proportional–derivative controller is utilized to promote system behavior with faster response overshoot. The novel position control system is then applied on primary mirror supporting system. Coupling effect is observed among actuator partitions, and relocation of virtual pivot supporting point is chosen as the decoupling measurement. The position keeping ability of the primary mirror supporting system is verified by rotating the mirror cell at a considerably high rate. The experiment results show that the decoupled system performs better with smaller bias and shorter recovery time

Investigation into the Electrohydraulic Synchronous Motion Control of a Thrust System for a Tunnel Boring Machine

The thrust system of a tunnel boring machine plays a crucial role by driving the machine ahead and supporting the gripper shoes stably. A thrust hydraulic control system, assembled with a proportional flow control valve and a pressure relief valve, is established with system operating parameters. The mathematical model of a thrust electrohydraulic system is presented. To improve the control characteristics of the thrust system, a self-tuning fuzzy PID controller was introduced in synchronization motion control situations. To attain the best control parameters, three synchronization motion control systems were used to control the thrust propel cylinders. Tests on a Ø2.5 m scaled TBM test rig were carried out to verify the capabilities of the ISCS, SRSCS and CRSCS. Comparative tests were conducted, and the results showed that the thrust system adopting SRSCS achieved the least oscillation and the quickest response. The steady-state displacement error decreased by about 33.3% in contrast to the ISCS and CRSCS

DNA-Damage-Induced Nuclear Export of Precursor MicroRNAs Is Regulated by the ATM-AKT Pathway

Expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involves transcription of miRNA genes and maturation of the primary transcripts. Recent studies have shown that posttranscriptional processing of primary and precursor miRNAs is induced after DNA damage through regulatory RNA-binding proteins in the Drosha and Dicer complexes, such as DDX5 and KSRP. However, little is known about the regulation of nuclear export of pre-miRNAs in the DNA-damage response, a critical step in miRNA maturation. Here, we show that nuclear export of pre-miRNAs is accelerated after DNA damage in an ATM-dependent manner. The ATM-activated AKT kinase phosphorylates Nup153, a key component of the nucleopore, leading to enhanced interaction between Nup153 and Exportin-5 (XPO5) and increased nuclear export of pre-miRNAs. These findings define an important role of DNA-damage signaling in miRNA transport and maturation