Role of Defects on the Particle Size-Capacitance Relationship of Zn-Co Mixed Metal Oxide Supported on Heteroatom-Doped Graphenes as Supercapacitors

[EN] Supercapacitors are considered among the most promising electrical energy storage devices, there being a need to achieve the highest possible energy storage density. Herein small mixed Zn-Co metal oxide nanoparticles are grown on doped graphene (O-, N- and, B-doped graphenes). The electrochemical properties of the resulting mixed Zn-Co metal oxide nanoparticles (4 nm) grown on B-doped graphene exhibit an outstanding specific capacitance of 2568 F g-1 at 2 A g-1 , ranking this B-doped graphene composite among the best performing electrodes. The energy storage capacity is also remarkable even at large current densities (i.e., 640 F g-1 at 40 A g-1 ). In contrast, larger nanoparticles are obtained using N- and O-doped graphenes as support, the resulting materials exhibiting lower performance. Besides energy storage, the Zn-Co oxide on B-doped graphene shows notable electrochemical performance and stability obtaining a maximum energy density of 77.6 W h Kg-1 at 850 W Kg-1 , a power density of 8500 W Kg-1 at 28.3 W h Kg-1 , and a capacitance retention higher than 85% after 5000 cycles. The smaller nanoparticle size and improved electrochemical performance on B-doped graphene-based devices are attributed to the higher defect density and nature of the dopant element on graphene.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the "MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/, the FEDER funds (PDI2021-126071-OB-C21)", the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2021-038), and the European Union project H2020-LC-CS3-2020-RES-RIA "Eco2Fuel"(grant agreement 101006701). J.H. thanks the Chinese Scholarship Council for doctoral fellowship.Hu, HJ.; Peng, Y.; Albero-Sancho, J.; García Gómez, H. (2022). Role of Defects on the Particle Size-Capacitance Relationship of Zn-Co Mixed Metal Oxide Supported on Heteroatom-Doped Graphenes as Supercapacitors. Advanced Science. 9(34):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.20220431611193

Probing Single DNA Molecule Transport Using Fabricated Nanopores

Nanopores can serve as high throughput, single-molecule sensing devices that provide insight into the distribution of static and dynamic molecular activities, properties, or interactions. We have studied double stranded DNA electrophoretic transport dynamics through fabricated nanopores in silicon nitride. A fabricated pore enables us to interrogate a broader range of molecules with a wider range of conditions than can be investigated in a self-assembled protein pore in a lipid membrane.Molecular and Cellular Biolog

A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Generalized Nested Jailbreak Prompts can Fool Large Language Models Easily

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, are designed to provide useful and safe responses. However, adversarial prompts known as 'jailbreaks' can circumvent safeguards, leading LLMs to generate harmful content. Exploring jailbreak prompts can help to better reveal the weaknesses of LLMs and further steer us to secure them. Unfortunately, existing jailbreak methods either suffer from intricate manual design or require optimization on another white-box model, compromising generalization or jailbreak efficiency. In this paper, we generalize jailbreak prompt attacks into two aspects: (1) Prompt Rewriting and (2) Scenario Nesting. Based on this, we propose ReNeLLM, an automatic framework that leverages LLMs themselves to generate effective jailbreak prompts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ReNeLLM significantly improves the attack success rate while greatly reducing the time cost compared to existing baselines. Our study also reveals the inadequacy of current defense methods in safeguarding LLMs. Finally, we offer detailed analysis and discussion from the perspective of prompt execution priority on the failure of LLMs' defense. We hope that our research can catalyze both the academic community and LLMs vendors towards the provision of safer and more regulated Large Language Models

Lobectomy with Bronchoplasty and Reconstruction of Pulmonary Artery by Minitrauma-technique for Lung Cancer

Background and objective To research the effect and practicalbility of lobectomy with bronchoplasty and reconstruction of pulmonary artery by minitrauma-technique for lung cancer. Methods We retrospectibely reviewed our experience on 61 cases being lobectomy with bronchoplasty and bronchoplasty with or without video assisted thoracic small incision surgery for lung cancer from July 2005 to June 2009 from Shandong Provincal Hospital and 46 cases simultaneously by routine posterolateral incision. All patients whose bronchus and/or pulmonary artery were involved underwent the operation and experienced the bronchial sleeve/wedge resection or reconstruction of the pulmonary artery. Results All patients were done operation successfully and there were no operative mortality and no occurrence of anastomosis stenosis as well as fistula. The small incisions’ length was from 8 cm-15 cm while the routine posterolateral incision’s length was 25 cm-35 cm. The patients done the operation of small incision had less postoperative shoulder joint dysfunction and had better quality of life compaired to the patients done the routine posterolateral incision. Conclusion Lobectomy with bronchoplasty and reconstruction of pulmonary artery by minitrauma-technique for lung cancer could finished the same work with the traditional thoracic lateral incision and had less trauma, less pain, less recovery time