Number of identified instrumental SNPs for metabolic factors, phenotype distribution in the discovery sample, and proportion of phenotype variance explained by the instruments.

<p>SD: standard deviation.</p

Funnel plots for the distribution of risk estimates of BMI instrumental SNPs along with MR causal effect lung cancer subtypes.

<p>OR: Odds ratio; Int: Intercept; P: P value.</p

Forest plot of lung cancer risk for each SD increase in BMI (approximately 4.6 kg/m²) observed in the likelihood-based MR approach.

<p>95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval; P: P value. I²: between-strata heterogeneity. PHet: P value of between-strata heterogeneity.</p

Forest plot of lung cancer risk for each SD increase in LDL (approximately 38.0 mg/dl) observed in the likelihood-based MR approach using the instrument set of common SNPs.

<p>95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval; P: P value. I²: between-strata heterogeneity. PHet: P value of between-strata heterogeneity.</p

Forest plot of lung cancer risk for each SD increase in fasting insulin (approximately 44.4 pmol/L) observed in the likelihood-based MR approach.

<p>95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval; P: P value. I²: between-strata heterogeneity. PHet: P value of between-strata heterogeneity.</p