6 research outputs found
Cyclic voltammetry as a sensitive approach in investigation of doxorubicin
Introduction and objective
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline drug. Its chemotherapeutic effect is due to two possible mechanisms, 1)disruption of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair due to its intercalation into DNA helix and 2)generation of free radicals and their damage to cellular membranes, DNA, and proteins. This can be a result of its planar aromatic chromophore which intercalates between two base pairs of DNA [1]. Therefore, its pharmacological/toxicological characteristics are largely dependent on its oxidative properties, and the aim of this study is to summarize the methods and data based on its Π΅lectrochemical behavior of doxorubicin, obtained by the means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) [2].
Methods
Cyclic voltammetry is a versatile electrochemical method where the redox reactions occurring at the working electrode result in a flow of current. The potentiostat measures this current and plots it as a function of the applied potential. Each successful forwards and backwards potential sweep produces a a cyclic voltammogram characterized by anodic and cathodic peak currents, peak potentials, and the oxidation and reduction onset potentials.
Results
Our research revealed several studies that feature the electrochemical behavior of doxorubicin. CV in pH~7.4 has shown that doxorubicin undergoes a reversible two-electron reduction with value E1/2 = -665βmV(versus Ag/AgCl, saturated KCl). This process was defined as quasi reversible, at low scan rates. Further, the interaction of doxorubicin hydrochloride with calf thymus DNA was studied by measuring cathodic peak current, which gradually decreased as more DNA was added into the cell [3].
The interaction of doxorubicin with calf thymus DNA, was mostly assessed by electrochemical sensors using surface modified working electrodes [4,5,6]. Electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified platinum electrode (Pt/MWCNTs) [4], electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles and electro-polymerization of alginate layers on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode have been also used in this purpose [5]. CV of doxorubicine on a screen-printed electrodes modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SPE/CNT) have shown linear dependence of the intensity of electro reduction/oxidation on the square root of the scan rate which proved that the process is a controlled by diffusion. Moreover, thay imployed differential pulse voltammetry to validate a sensitive method for doxorubicine quantification. The drug binding processes were examined by DPV via the registration of a decrease in peak current intensity of guanine, adenine, and thymine of DNA in the presence of doxorubicin [6].
Conclusion
Cyclic voltammetry can be used as an efffective tool for quantification of doxorubicine and its interactions with DNA or other metals. Reverible oxidation of doxorubicin to semiquinone and back, releases reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. The effectivness of the therapeutic effect of doxorubicine depends on its interaction with DNA. These interactions were mostly assessed by using an electrochemical surface modified sensor, in the presence of DNA. These data lead to a conclusion that electrochemical platforms represent a sensitive approach for the investigation of DNAβdrug interaction in electrode systems. Examining the electrochemical signals doxorubicin or DNAβdoxorubicin complex before and after binding establishes the interaction and helps in mechanism elucidation
Clinically significant drug interactions of Eltrombopag: a retrospective study from the clinical pharmacist perspective
Introduction: Thrombopoietin is the main cytokine regulating megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. Eltrombopag interacts with the transmembrane domain of thrombopoietin receptors and initiates signaling cascades inducing proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitor cells. The aim of the study was to determine drug interaction at patients that are receiving Eltrombopag along with other medications.
Materials and methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted at the Hematology Clinic in Skopje, N. Macedonia. A clinical pharmacist, focusing on Eltrombopag and concomitant medications interactions, reviewed a total number of 16 patientβs histories for the period of 6 months (January-June 2023). Anamnestic data on additional drugs, herbal supplements, vitamins, minerals were also taken. Potential drug interactions were identified using Stockley's interactions checker, categorized by severity and subclassified into co-administered drugs altering pharmacokinetics.
Results: A total number of 73 interactions were identified, of which 23 (31.51%) were with moderate clinical relevance, 14 (19.18%) were with no clinical importance and required counseling about possible adverse effects and additional monitoring. The rest of 36 (49,32%) interactions were without clinical significance. Additionally, we determine that 7 (9.59%) of total interactions directly related to patients receiving Eltrombopag (ciclosporin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, dexamethasone, prednisolone, valsartan, and magnesium) and categorized as moderate and needs close monitoring.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates toxicity potential of Eltrombopag at patients associated with concomitant medicines. Close collaboration of physicians and clinical pharmacists is necessary in all cases where patients are receiving Eltrombopag along with other medications in order all significant interactions to be identified, prevented and managed
Determination of non-adherence in patients receiving Eltrombopag
Eltrombopag, an orally administered thrombopoietin receptor agonist, selectively binds to the transmembrane domain of the thrombopoietin receptor on the surface of platelets, megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte precursor cells (1). The aim of our research is to determine patient non-adherence and its impact on the effectiveness and safety of prescribed therapy, as well as the possibility of treatment failure. The observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was conducted in the PHO University Clinic of Hematology in Skopje, R.N.Macedonia. 17 patients (9 men and 8 women) were followed from January to August 2023. Five of them were with diagnose aplastic anemia and 12 with immune thrombocytopenia. All of them treated with Eltrombopag. We have systematically reviewed medical records from the Department of Hospital pharmacy, collected anamnestic data and determine non-adherence to therapy, followed by dose frequency, double taking therapy, omitted doses, drug-drug interactions and food/supplement-drug interactions. Thirteen types of non-adherence were identified, of which 3(23,08%) were related to dose frequency, 1(7,69 %) was related to double taking therapy, 5(38,46%) were related to the possibility of drug-drug interactions, 2(15,38%) with possibility for food/supplement-drug interactions and 2(15,38 %) were related with omitted doses. Failure to adherence is a serious problem which not only affects the patient but also the health care system. The clinical pharmacist intervention can improve patient adherencΠ΅, because the most important determinants effectiveness and safety are adherence to the prescribed therapy, multiple drug and food/supplement interactions which can vary on dose-response relationship, and risk of insufficient effectiveness of therapy (2)
ΠΠ΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° - ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΏ Π΄ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄
ΠΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ Π΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ
ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ£ Π£Π½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π·Π° Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ° - Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π·Π°
ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°
Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈ
Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΠΎΠ΄ 5 mg. KΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ (ΠΠΠ ) Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΏ (CAP), ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°
Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ (PPP). Π‘ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ° ΡΠ΅
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΈΠΆΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ PPP.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π°ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ 5 mg, PPP Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Ρ 36
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ (23 ΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ 13 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ), Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π½Π° 18 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ²ΡΠΈ 2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°. Πo
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ Π½Π° 14 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π±Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Π΅Π΄Π½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° (Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½), 22 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π°
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π°
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ 1 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΠ΅-Π₯ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎ
Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ PPP, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΏ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ» (CBN) Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ
ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ (CBN) ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ» (Π’ΠΠ‘), ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π°
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡ Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ΅. CBN Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³
ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π± ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎ Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ CB1
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π½Π° CBN, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π’ΠΠ‘, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π» ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ
CBN. ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π° ΡΠ΅Π» Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π’ΠΠ‘ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°
Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΠΎ 32,8% (w/w) THC ΠΈ 7,4% (w/w) CBN ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° CBN. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ΄
Glueberry OG ΠΊΠΎΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π³Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π΄Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ Π½Π° HPLC ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΎ UVΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π° Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ΅, Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠΈ 9,7% (w/w) Π’ΠΠ‘ ΠΈ 36,2% (w/w) CBN. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ,
Π½Π΅ Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π’ΠΠ‘, Π° CBN ΡΠ΅ Π·Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ» Π΄ΠΎ 43,1% (w/w). Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ½Π°
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠΈ 55,8% (w/w) CBN. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π·Π°
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π½Π° CBN. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
Π²ΡΠ· Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° THC Π²ΠΎ CBN. ΠΠ²Π°Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π° Π½Π° Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π° Π±Π°ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ Π³Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Monitoring the safety of nilotinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety profile of nilotinib administered to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at patients. The
study was conducted from March 2018 to May 2019 and it included 20 patients with CML in chronic phase. Of these 20 patients, 17 had
previously been treated with imatinib and 3 with hydroxyurea. The mean duration of treatment with Nilotinib was 6.75 months. In nine
patients treated with nilotinib (400 mg), 55% complained of fatigue, 33% of headache and 22.2% of pruritus. In five patients treated with
Nilotinib (600 mg), 20% complained of headache, 40% of fatigue and 20% of pruritus. In addition, in six patients treated with nilotinib
(800 mg), 50% complained of headache and fatigue, 17% with pruritus and visual disorder was observed in 20% of cases. In the study,
the adverse reactions were observed between the age of 20 and 40 and it was 7.1%, in contrast to the group of patients between the age of
40 and 60 where the incidence of adverse reactions was 21.42%. The incidence of adverse reactions in patients in the age group over 60
years it was 57.1%. In terms of gender, the incidence of adverse reactions was equal to 50% for both men and women. In conclusion, this
study showed that treatment with nilotinib was well tolerated, with adverse reactions of an easy degree. Future evaluation is necessary in
order to understanding the adverse reaction of nilotinib in comparison with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Keywords: nilotinib, pharmacovigilance, safety, chronic myeloid leukemi