A prospective observational study on incidence of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a pharmacovigilance study

Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADRs) is determined as response to a drug that is noxious unintended excludes therapeutic failures, overdose, drug abuse, noncompliance, and medication errors. The main aim of the study is to detect, understand and report ADR’S.Methods: This study is prospective observational study conducted for 6 months in in-patient setting in a tertiary care hospital. Naranjo’s, WHO causality scale, Siegel scale, Schumock and Thornton scale are used to assess ADR. Graph Pad Prism and SAS software’s are used.Results: Data was collected from a total of 1000 patients of which 121 (12.1%) patients were effected with 150 ADRs. Among 121 patients AdrAd was 60.66% and AdrIn was 39.33%. Of 121 patients 97 patients with single ADR, 28 patients with 2 ADRs, 10 patients were with three ADRs. ADR onset divides acute (10%), Latent (39%) and sub-acute (51%). ADR occurred are recovered (54%), Recovering (13%). Naranjos scale interprets definite (0.9%), probable (50.9%), possible (42.97%). According to WHO scale certain (2.7%), unlikely (2.7%), possible (38.84%). Hartwig and Siegel scale results are mild (12.4%), moderate (66.12%) and severe (12.4%). Schumock and Thornton preventability results are definitely (25.45%), probably (68.18%) and not preventable (6.36%).Conclusions: Every health care professional should be aware of the Pharmacovigilance principles and also should be aware of suspected ADR reporting form of PVPI. By applying the above scales it is easy for health care professionals to assess an ADR

Cross sectional study on prevalence and medication adherence of hypertension and diabetes in a tertiary care hospital in Karimnagar, India

Background: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes mellitus(DM) and other diseases along with comorbid conditions, disease complications and also to assess medication adherence in a tertiary hospital in Karimnagar, Telangana, India.Methods: A Cross sectional study is performed by analysing a total of 500 patient’s individual case safety reports (ICSR). Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes along with most prescribed drugs are analysed. Medication adherence is analysed by using Morisky Medication adherence questionnaire scale (MMAS-4).Results: Patients with past history of DM, HTN and other diseases which was found to be 245 (49%) patients. Patients with highest disease prevalence were found to be with HTN (56.73%), DM (31.83%) followed by other diseases like asthma (8.57%), Cerebrovascular accident (4.89%) etc., Total of 66 Patients were ruled out with comorbid diseases. Patients with HTN+DM (47) were found to be highest followed by DM+HTN+CVA (4). MMAS-4 revealed 208 patients were using medication out of 245 patients with previous history. According to MMAS-4 most of the patients were with medium adherence (76). Prevalent drug used for HTN include Amlodipine and for DM Telmisartan+Hydrochlorthiazide.Conclusions: The study revealed that almost half of the admitted patients were with HTN and DM. The patients were counselled properly to adhere strictly to the prescription. Medication adherence to HTN and DM was found to be good in this study. Since the disease complications were also ruled out, the health care professionals are recommended to spread awareness on DM and HTN and disease management in order to control disease and improve health outcomes

Classification and applying pharmacovigilance principles to study adverse drug reaction and its management

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unwanted, undesirable effect of medication resulting in mild to severe effect on the patient. This review explains definitions of ADR and it differentiation with adverse drug event, medication error. ADRs may cause increased length of stay or initial reason for admission and are major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors for ADR occurrence include age, gender, patients with multiple diseases and multiple drug therapy (polypharmacy). ADRs are classified into different types based on the mechanism and onset of reaction. The causal relation between suspected drug and reaction can be assessed by using causality assessment scales. The severity and preventability of ADR can be assessed by severity assessment scale and preventability scale respectively. Clinical Pharmacists play an important role in monitoring and management of ADRs

Cross sectional study on prevalence and medication adherence of hypertension and diabetes in a tertiary care hospital in Karimnagar, India

Background: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes mellitus(DM) and other diseases along with comorbid conditions, disease complications and also to assess medication adherence in a tertiary hospital in Karimnagar, Telangana, India.Methods: A Cross sectional study is performed by analysing a total of 500 patient’s individual case safety reports (ICSR). Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes along with most prescribed drugs are analysed. Medication adherence is analysed by using Morisky Medication adherence questionnaire scale (MMAS-4).Results: Patients with past history of DM, HTN and other diseases which was found to be 245 (49%) patients. Patients with highest disease prevalence were found to be with HTN (56.73%), DM (31.83%) followed by other diseases like asthma (8.57%), Cerebrovascular accident (4.89%) etc., Total of 66 Patients were ruled out with comorbid diseases. Patients with HTN+DM (47) were found to be highest followed by DM+HTN+CVA (4). MMAS-4 revealed 208 patients were using medication out of 245 patients with previous history. According to MMAS-4 most of the patients were with medium adherence (76). Prevalent drug used for HTN include Amlodipine and for DM Telmisartan+Hydrochlorthiazide.Conclusions: The study revealed that almost half of the admitted patients were with HTN and DM. The patients were counselled properly to adhere strictly to the prescription. Medication adherence to HTN and DM was found to be good in this study. Since the disease complications were also ruled out, the health care professionals are recommended to spread awareness on DM and HTN and disease management in order to control disease and improve health outcomes