Retrofitting of Concrete Short Column Using Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer

The experimental investigation is carried out on cubes retrofitted with glass fibre reinforced polymer. In this experimental study the concrete with target a mean strength of 20MPa grade is utilized. The experimental study is carried out on a short column with the specimen of sizes 100 x 100 x300 and 100 x 150 x 300 mm with aspect ratio of 1 and 1.5 respectively. The specimens were singly and doubly wrapped with glass fibre.Thus the mechanical properties of short column specimen with varying aspect ratio were tested under compression testing machine. From the test result it is observed that short column specimen with double glass fibre wrapping gives better performance as compare to single wrapped and conventional concrete specimen. All the obtained result were tabulated and graphically presented in this paper. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15031

A general partial discretizationmethodology for interlaminar stress computation in composite laminates

A two-point boundary value problem (BVP) is formed in the present work governed by a set of first-order coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in terms of displacements and the transverse stresses through the thickness of laminate (in domain -h/2 < z < h/2) by introducing partial discretization methodology only in the plan area of the three dimensional (3D) laminate. The primary dependent variables in the ODEs are those which occur naturally on a plane z=a constant. An effective numerical integration (NI) technique is utilized for tackling the two-point BVP in an efficient manner. Numerical studies on cross-ply and angle-ply composite plates are performed and presented, involving both validation and solution of new problems

Proton pump inhibitors: are they safe on kidneys: a histopathological study

Background: In India the utilization of PPI varies to 45-85%. PPI were used in 82.96% patient with chronic kidney disease. But now a day’s several case reports are suggesting PPI induces AIN. The exact rate of this rare adverse event is difficult to estimate because many patients are taking multiple medications, which also make it difficult to establish a causal relation between AIN and PPI. Early detection of AIN and immediate discontinuation of culprit drug may prevent progress of AIN to the end stage chronic kidney disease. So we planned a study to establish the relationship between PPI and AIN, if any.Methods: Rats weighing 150-250 gm were used. In this study omeprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole were administered for 28 day group A - alone, Group B-with diclofenac and group C - ofloxacin, after 28th day the animal with deranged RFTs were grouped 2 animals were sacrificed from each group. And there histopathological studies were carried out.Results: At least 3 rats showed deranged RFTs in each group. And most of the histopathological studies show structural, vascular changes with or without AIN.Conclusions: PPI alone are prone to cause AIN but the incidence of AIN is increases with addition of other nephrotoxic dugs

3D Semi-Analytical Solutions for Functionally Grade Power Law Varied Laminate Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Loading

This paper describes formulation for calculation of actual through thickness temperature variation followed by stress and displacement analysis of all-around simply supported functionally graded (FG) laminate using a semi-analytical approach. This approach has depended on a two-point boundary value problem (BVP) governed by first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Developed formulation carries the advantage of both elasticity solution as well as ESL or approximate theories. This new model capable of providing accurate results without any approximation along the thickness of FG laminate. Material properties like heat conductivity, modulus of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficient are considered to be varied by a power law. The numerical investigation has been performed to examine thermal loading response on the FGM laminate and transverse loading applied on the laminate's top surface. The results are obtained for two types of thermal loading, obtained by heat conduction formulation received by developed semi-analytical approach and another with assumed power law variation and compared with each other. Leads outcomes from parametric studies, which will be helpful for further research in this area

Use of proton pump inhibitors in dialysis unit in tertiary care hospital: a pharmaco-epidemiological study

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are generally thought to be safer drug with fewer adverse effects. Though this class of the drug is thought to be well tolerated, a detail study about actual use of these agents in nephrology department is still awaited in many parts of India. There had been case reports and case series which were reporting PPIs producing acute interstitial nephritis progressing to acute renal failure. The risk of PPI treatment in haemodialysis patients remains unexplored. The aim of the study was to evaluate a drug utilization of PPI in patient undergoing haemodialysis procedure.Methods: In this study every day visit to the dialysis units of the hospitals was carried out. After taking consent from the patients, the information from the case-report form was noted like; age, sex, diagnosis, laboratory reports and drug prescried. No personally identifiable information about patient or physician was collected. After this an interview of patients was taken.Results: In this study, out of 126 patients 76.6% were male and 23.4% were female. Out of these 126 patients 88.89% patients were on PPI. Nearly 54% were using PPI for more than six months. Nearly 29% patients were using PPI for more than 12 months.Conclusions: As many case-reports and studies are suggesting, there is co-relation of PPI and acute interstitial nephritis from this study we suggest that especially in nephrology unit patients’, more caution must be exercised while using PPI

Response Control of Structures Subjected to Multi-Hazards of Earthquake and Wind Using Base Isolators and Absorbers

Short structures when they are designed using base isolation, dynamic wind effects may be more, and it may govern the design. This issue is taken care to some extent using Lead plug bearings. This puts the limits on effective seismic performance only for design basis or beyond. At lower seismic excitation levels, it may not be that effective. In view of this a suitable passive control system using the knowledge of isolators and absorbers is developed and analysed. Five storey shear building models with fixed base, base isolated separately supported on laminated rubber bearing (LRB), lead plug bearing (LPB) and isolated with LRB and install with tuned mass damper (TMD) are developed. These structures are numerically analysed considering six Indian earthquakes and dynamic wind load. TMD used in LRB supported building is provided in LPB supported building and responses of building models also observed under wind load which is more than design basis. Results of all cases are compared. Combined passive isolation along with absorber found suitable for multi-hazards like earthquakes where peak displacement increases by 0.76 times to 38 times, peak acceleration decreases by 73% to 99%, maximum inter-storey drift decreases by 71% to 99% when comparing with fixed base structure and for wind, values of peak displacement, peak acceleration, maximum inter-storey drift decreases by 45%, 46%, 44% when comparing with LRB provided structure

Performance-Based Design of RC Structures Subjected to Seismic Load Using a Hybrid Retrofitting Method with Friction Damper and Steel Bracing

In this paper, five storey RC (Reinforced Concrete) building is retrofitted using friction damper and steel bracing methods to achieve a target seismic performance level in terms of inter-storey drift and plastic hinge rotations. Firstly, a static pushover analysis is performed to get the required damping value for the target performance limit. Then a friction damper is designed for this required damping value. To study the effectiveness of friction damper, a time history analysis of building is performed using scaled time history compatible with IS 1893 response spectrum (zone V, soil type 1) in SAP2000 v20. To bring inter-storey drift to the permissible limit, steel bracing along with friction dampers are used. Further response spectrum analysis is carried out to compare the results of storey displacement, drift with that of time history results. So, the combination of friction damper and steel bracing is found to be effective in retrofitting five storey RC buildings

A study of assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli

Background: Antimicrobials are routinely used for variety of clinical conditions but are also misused leading to drug resistance bacteria in clinical practice. Consultants can gain the knowledge about it and can also have the depth of problem faced, their prescribing behavior mainly depends on their attitude and understanding of condition. Our aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics prescribing among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of Sangli. Methods: Our present study was conducted in the Bharati hospital, BV (DU) medical college and hospital, Sangli. Ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee was obtained and it was, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire was provided to junior residents, senior residents and faculty of different specialties and responses were recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 9 in knowledge, 10 in attitude and 10 in practice section. Results: Out of all participants 84.5% believed that no need of antibiotics for running and blocked nose. Majority 89.6% were expressed that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics. 90.4% participants believed that education of patients will help. Only 76.8% strictly adhere to the antibiotic policy of our hospital. Conclusions: The present study on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational modifications that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of drug resistance in our developing country

A new partial finite element model for statics of sandwich plates

A new partial discretization formulation with four-noded bi-linear finite elements (FEs) has been developed in this study for flexural analysis of sandwich plates. Partial discretization results in solution of a two-point boundary value problem (BVP) governed by a system of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Mixed degrees of freedom, displacements (u,v,w) and transverse stresses (tau(xz), tau(yz), sigma(z)) are the dependent variables and thus continuity of transverse stresses and displacements are implicitly enforced in the present formulation. Numerical investigations on symmetric and unsymmetric sandwich plates are performed and presented, involving both validation and solution of new problems

Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with polymer composites

Strengthening of existing old structures has traditionally been accomplished by using conventional materials and techniques, viz., externally bonded steel plates, steel or concrete jackets, etc. Alternatively, fibre reinforced polymer composite (FRPC) products started being used to overcome problems associated with conventional materials in the mid 1950s because of their favourable engineering properties. Effectiveness of FRPC materials has been demonstrated through extensive experimental research throughout the world in the last two decades. However there is a need to use refined analytical tools to simulate response of strengthened system. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a numerical model of strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams with FRPC laminates. Material models for RC beams strengthened with FRPC laminates are described and verified through a nonlinear finite element (FE) commercial code, with the help of available experimental data. Three dimensional (3D) FE analysis has been performed by assuming perfect bonding between concrete and FRPC laminate. A parametric study has also been performed to examine effects of various parameters like fibre type, stirrup's spacing, etc. on the strengthening system. Through numerical simulation, it has been shown that it is possible to predict accurately the flexural response of RC beams strengthened with FRPC laminates by selecting an appropriate material constitutive model. Comparisons are made between the available experimental results in literature and FE analysis results obtained by the present investigators using load-deflection and load-strain plots as well as ultimate load of the strengthened beams. Furthermore, evaluation of crack patterns from FE analysis and experimental failure modes are discussed at the end