Importance of teaching practical wisdom as a source of knowledge base for teaching anatomy

Practical wisdom is one of the proposed base knowledge to generate best practices for teachings in the field of medicine. A methodological qualitative-comprehensive design was proposed with the purpose of describing the importance of the didactical practical wisdom as source of base knowledge for the teaching of anatomy by the faculty of the Universidad Mayor of Temuco, this was done based on the founded theory, constant comparative method and principles of triangulation and convergence. The sample was composed of the entire faculty team for the anatomy course. For the analysis of the data, open codification was considered, from which two categories surfaced: a) expert performance and b) principles of practical wisdom. The techniques for data gathering were: ethnographic observation, semi structured interview and focus groups. The processing of the verbal data was done by means of a software for qualitative analysis, Atlas-ti version 5.0. The results of the study show that didactical practical wisdom is a source of relevant knowledge in all pedagogical practice, assessing it as the principal base knowledge for the training in medicine, therefore a challenge is made to all professionals involved in teaching medicine to transition from basic professionalism into an expert one

Challenges to the Didactic Transposition and Knowledge of the Content in Teaching of Anatomy: Obstacles and Projections

Teaching undergraduate level anatomy classes demands a 'formation' based in competences that provides learning results, where both 'saberes sabios' and 'saberes didacticos' converge. For that purpose, a qualitative design of research was proposed with the intent of describing requirements and characteristics of the teaching of anatomy courses in the medical school at the Universidad Mayor in Temuco, based on 'grounded theory', 'Constant Comparative Method' and 'Methodological Triangulation'. The sampling was composed of the entire teaching staff for the anatomy courses. As a result of open coding five categories were identified, and for this article the most representative one has been chosen: 'requirements and characteristics of the teaching of anatomy'. The techniques used for gathering information were 'ethnographic observation', 'structured interview' and focus groups. Data'reduction' was done with help of software for qualitative data analysis called 'Atlas-ti' v5.0. The results of the study reveal incoherencies of 'epistemic' character in the 'didactic performance' of the teaching staff, who base their practice from the experimental logic, staying away of methods 'dialogicos dialecticos' needed in the current sociocultural 'cartography' shown by undergraduate level students

Relation between Academic Performance and Methodological Strategies in Two Groups of Beginner Students in the Occupational Therapy and Nutrition - Dietetics Careers at the Universidad Mayor in Temuco

The aim of this study was to determine if first year students learning results, of the Occupational Therapy career at the Universidad Mayor in the course subject of anatomy, were correlated from the application of cooperative work methodologies. The investigation is quantitative and analytical. The methodology of a group of experts and an experimental group was applied. We observed that the control group as well as the experimental group had a similar academic weight. When cooperative methodologies were applied the experimental group obtained a higher performance level in comparison with the performance level of the control group

Colleges of royal physicians and isolation hospitals to control public hygiene in Chile from 1879 to 1920

This article investigates the emergence of two institutions for the control of public hygiene in Chile between 1879 and 1920: colleges of royal physicians and isolation hospitals using the case of smallpox in La Araucania, a region located in the South of Chile. We cover the characteristics and context of these institutions that allowed the State of Chile to address the problems of public hygiene and to prompt health professionals to professionalize the practice of medicine. The liberal positivist state of the late nineteenth century understood that the issue of hygiene was not only a matter of individual responsibility but had a social, public, and environmental dimension. People practiced hygiene alongside the existence of hygienic and anti-hygienic environments. Therefore, hygiene, the royal colleges of physicians, health records, isolation hospitals, doctors, and vaccinators are studied. All of these components of the health care system of the time were in permanent tension with the central government authorities due to the insufficient resources provided by the state for the care of infected patients with smallpox. The study follows a qualitative methodology with a descriptive historiographic design. We used archival primary and secondary sources available in Chile and Germany. The results show that the presence of smallpox appeared ferociously in South-Central Chile in the second half of the 19th century and remained in La Araucania until the first half of the 20th century. The extent to which smallpox spread, spawning fear and insecurity in people of different social classes, had as one of its leading causes the precarious conditions of health and hygiene of the population