pISTil: a pipeline for yeast two-hybrid Interaction Sequence Tags identification and analysis

High-throughput screening of protein-protein interactions opens new systems biology perspectives for the comprehensive understanding of cell physiology in normal and pathological conditions. In this context, yeast two-hybrid system appears as a promising approach to efficiently reconstruct protein interaction networks at the proteome-wide scale. This protein interaction screening method generates a large amount of raw sequence data, i.e. the ISTs (Interaction Sequence Tags), which urgently need appropriate tools for their systematic and standardised analysis.Journal Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients With Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

PURPOSE Key to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening. METHODS The paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning. RESULTS Imaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning. CONCLUSION Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer worldwide. The essential role that medical imaging and nuclear medicine play in early diagnosis and disease staging cannot be overstated, pivotal in selecting the many patients for whom measurably improved outcomes are attainable. Prevention synergized with patient-centered, compassionate, high-quality lung cancer management provision mandate that strategic population-based planning, including universal health coverage strategies, should extend well beyond the scope of disease prevention to include both curative and noncurative treatment options for the millions afflicted with lung cancer

IRGM Is a Common Target of RNA Viruses that Subvert the Autophagy Network

Autophagy is a conserved degradative pathway used as a host defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. However, several viruses can evade or subvert autophagy to insure their own replication. Nevertheless, the molecular details of viral interaction with autophagy remain largely unknown. We have determined the ability of 83 proteins of several families of RNA viruses (Paramyxoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Retroviridae and Togaviridae), to interact with 44 human autophagy-associated proteins using yeast two-hybrid and bioinformatic analysis. We found that the autophagy network is highly targeted by RNA viruses. Although central to autophagy, targeted proteins have also a high number of connections with proteins of other cellular functions. Interestingly, immunity-associated GTPase family M (IRGM), the most targeted protein, was found to interact with the autophagy-associated proteins ATG5, ATG10, MAP1CL3C and SH3GLB1. Strikingly, reduction of IRGM expression using small interfering RNA impairs both Measles virus (MeV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-induced autophagy and viral particle production. Moreover we found that the expression of IRGM-interacting MeV-C, HCV-NS3 or HIV-NEF proteins per se is sufficient to induce autophagy, through an IRGM dependent pathway. Our work reveals an unexpected role of IRGM in virus-induced autophagy and suggests that several different families of RNA viruses may use common strategies to manipulate autophagy to improve viral infectivity

Distinct Genetic Loci Control Plasma HIV-RNA and Cellular HIV-DNA Levels in HIV-1 Infection: The ANRS Genome Wide Association 01 Study

Previous studies of the HIV-1 disease have shown that HLA and Chemokine receptor genetic variants influence disease progression and early viral load. We performed a Genome Wide Association study in a cohort of 605 HIV-1-infected seroconverters for detection of novel genetic factors that influence plasma HIV-RNA and cellular HIV-DNA levels. Most of the SNPs strongly associated with HIV-RNA levels were localised in the 6p21 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and were in the vicinity of class I and III genes. Moreover, protective alleles for four disease-associated SNPs in the MHC locus (rs2395029, rs13199524, rs12198173 and rs3093662) were strikingly over-represented among forty-five Long Term HIV controllers. Furthermore, we show that the HIV-DNA levels (reflecting the HIV reservoir) are associated with the same four SNPs, but also with two additional SNPs on chromosome 17 (rs6503919; intergenic region flanked by the DDX40 and YPEL2 genes) and chromosome 8 (rs2575735; within the Syndecan 2 gene). Our data provide evidence that the MHC controls both HIV replication and HIV reservoir. They also indicate that two additional genomic loci may influence the HIV reservoir

Contribution à l'intégration de centrales inertielles (outils d'aide à la conception et à l'optimisation)

Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire concerne la réalisation d un microsystème intégrant une centrale inertielle permettant la détection de mouvements. Le microsystème étudié est composé d un accéléromètre capacitif associé à son électronique de traitement. L accéléromètre capacitif a conduit à l élaboration d un outil logiciel afin de le pré-dimensionner. Ce pré-dimensionnement a été effectué en fonction des spécifications de l application et de la technologie de fabrication. Cet outil intègre des modèles fluidiques et électrostatiques en vue de calculer des paramètres du modèle de l accéléromètre pour une simulation système. L électronique de traitement de l accéléromètre capacitif a été conçue autour d un convertisseur Sigma-Delta . L architecture Sigma-Delta a nécessité des modifications pour pouvoir être adaptée au capteur. Nous avons alors développé, sous Matlab-Simulink , une bibliothèque de composants permettant d ajuster le fonctionnement du convertisseur. Une fois l architecture optimisée et les caractéristiques des composants connues, la conception de l architecture Sigma-Delta est ainsi réalisable sous le logiciel CADENCE.The aim of this thesis is the realisation of microsystem for movements detection. This microsystem is composed of capacitive accelerometers and of their electronics. The conception of capacitive accelerometers has induced developement of a software for the first dimensionnement of sensors. This software computes parameters of capacitive accelerometers thanks to electrostatic models, flow models, specifications of application and fabrication process. The electronics of capacitive accelerometer is a Sigma-Delta convertor. The adaptation of convertor leads to developement of components libraries for Matlab-Simulink . The simulation systems allows to fit parametres convertor for the application. After that,the conception of convertor under CADENCE software is then possible.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Force suiveuse critique sur une colonne pesante semi-infinie : modèle et expériences - Follower force on a semi-infinite beam loaded by its own weight : Model and experiments

International audienceOn propose, par une approche de développement asymptotique, une valeur approchée de la force suiveuse qui rend instable une poutre semi-infinie suspendue. La validation expérimentale est réalisée à l'aide d'un tuyau sous écoulement interne. On observe la transition entre la solution classique pour la poutre encastrée-libre de faible longueur soumise à une force suiveuse et la solution pour une longueur infinie. [Using matched asymptotic expansions, we give here an approximate value of the follower force that results in the instability of a semi-infinite hanging beam. An experimental verification is shown in the context of fluid-conveying pipes. The transition between the classical short length solution and the proposed solution for infinite length is also observed in the experiments.] © 2001 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS

Environmental analysis of intensity level in wheat crop production using life cycle assessment

Although a priori thinking would suggest that a low intensity crop is environmentally favourable, this assumption ignores the effect of reduced productivity which could simply lead to pollution shifting to other places. A life cycle assessment of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production system for breadmaking was performed to optimise fertilization. In European temperate climate conditions, fertilizing with nitrogen mostly influences the intensity of field production systems, the quality of agricultural products and the environmental degradation. To assess and compare environmentally relevant impacts of different intensities of production, adequate functional units were developed to take into account the main functions of agricultural activity: production and upkeep of agricultural landscape. The limits of these functional units were identified and the influence of the choice of functional unit was analysed

Influence on moisture sensor performances, and characterization of different specific area porous silicon layers

This paper presents results obtained for characterization of porous silicon (PS) layers having different nanostructures, and the influence of this parameter on moisture sensor performances. Two PS layers have been studied, both present the same porosity of 45% and differ in their specific area: 330 m²/g for PS1 and 223 m²/g for PS2. Sorption isotherms were measured; the results justify the use of adsorption theories used to characterize mesoporous materials. Average values of pore diameter computed from adsorption theories and images processing show that PS1 presents smaller pores than PS2. Pore size distributions have been estimated, showing the wider distribution of PS2 compared with PS1. We measured resistivity of PS layers as a function of relative humidity (RH). We found that PS1 presents higher resistivity and higher relative variation of resistivity. Exposed to moisture step, PS1 sensor presents faster response time, showing a second advantage among performances criteria

Evaluation of Shear Strength of Rock Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading

International audienc