22 research outputs found
The anomaly-induced effective action and natural inflation
The anomaly-induced inflation (modified Starobinsky model) is based on the
application of the effective quantum field theory approach to the Early
Universe. We present a brief general review of the model and show that it does
not require a fine-tuning for the parameters of the theory or initial data,
gives a real chance to meet a graceful exit to the FRW phase and also has
positive features with respect to the metric perturbations.Comment: Invited talk at the International Workshop on Astroparticle and High
Energy Physics, October 14 - 18, 2003, Valencia, Spai
Dark energy perturbations and cosmic coincidence
While there is plentiful evidence in all fronts of experimental cosmology for
the existence of a non-vanishing dark energy (DE) density \rho_D in the
Universe, we are still far away from having a fundamental understanding of its
ultimate nature and of its current value, not even of the puzzling fact that
\rho_D is so close to the matter energy density \rho_M at the present time
(i.e. the so-called "cosmic coincidence" problem). The resolution of some of
these cosmic conundrums suggests that the DE must have some (mild) dynamical
behavior at the present time. In this paper, we examine some general properties
of the simultaneous set of matter and DE perturbations (\delta\rho_M,
\delta\rho_D) for a multicomponent DE fluid. Next we put these properties to
the test within the context of a non-trivial model of dynamical DE (the LXCDM
model) which has been previously studied in the literature. By requiring that
the coupled system of perturbation equations for \delta\rho_M and \delta\rho_D
has a smooth solution throughout the entire cosmological evolution, that the
matter power spectrum is consistent with the data on structure formation and
that the "coincidence ratio" r=\rho_D/\rho_M stays bounded and not unnaturally
high, we are able to determine a well-defined region of the parameter space
where the model can solve the cosmic coincidence problem in full compatibility
with all known cosmological data.Comment: Typos correcte
Inflation without inflatons
(abridged)We present a model which predicts inflation without the presence of
inflaton fields, based on the \epsilon R^2 and Starobinsky models. It links the
above models to the observable universe, in particular, to the ratio r of
tensor to scalar fluctuations. In our model, we assume the existence of
particles with the mass M that have a long decay time. These particles which
were gravitationally produced \sim 60e-folds before the end of inflation
produced the nearly scale invariant scalar density fluctuations which are
observed. Gravitational waves (tensor fluctuations) were also produced at this
epoch. The ratio of tensor to scalar fluctuations r (which are to be measured
in the near future to good accuracy) determines M, which together with H_0,
determine the time at the end of inflation, t_end. At t_end, the Hubble
parameter begins to oscillate rapidly, gravitationally producing the bulk of
the M particles, which we identify with the matter content of the universe
today. The time required for the universe to dissipate its vacuum energy into M
particles is found to be t_dis \simeq 6M_Pl^2/M^3. We assume that the time
t_RH, (called the reheating time) needed for the M particles to decay into
relativistic particles, is very much greater than that necessary to create the
M particles, t_dis. From the ratio f\equiv t_dis/t_RH and g_\ast (the total
number of degrees of freedom of the relativistic particles) we can, then,
evaluate the maximum temperature of the universe, T_max, and the reheat
temperature, T_RH, at t_RH. Our model, thus, predicts M, t_dis, t_end, T_max,
T_RH, t_max, and t_RH as a function of r, f, and g_\ast (and to a weaker extent
the particle content of the vacuum near the Planck epoch).Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev.
Renormalization Group and Decoupling in Curved Space: II. The Standard Model and Beyond
We continue the study of the renormalization group and decoupling of massive
fields in curved space, started in the previous article and analyse the higher
derivative sector of the vacuum metric-dependent action of the Standard Model.
The QCD sector at low-energies is described in terms of the composite effective
fields. For fermions and scalars the massless limit shows perfect
correspondence with the conformal anomaly, but similar limit in a massive
vector case requires an extra compensating scalar. In all three cases the
decoupling goes smoothly and monotonic. A particularly interesting case is the
renormalization group flow in the theory with broken supersymmetry, where the
sign of one of the beta-functions changes on the way from the UV to IR.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure
Evolução da maturação e características físicoquímicas da videira "BRS Vitória" em diferentes épocas de poda.
Na região noroeste paulista são realizadas duas podas no mesmo ano, a primeira de produção, realizada de fevereiro a junho, e a segunda para formação, realizada entre junho a novembro. O período de colheita se estende de julho a novembro, diferentemente de outras regiões produtoras, o que beneficia os produtores na comercialização da uva
Cosmic perturbations with running G and Lambda
Cosmologies with running cosmological term (Lambda) and gravitational
Newton's coupling (G) may naturally be expected if the evolution of the
universe can ultimately be derived from the first principles of Quantum Field
Theory or String Theory. In this paper, we derive the general cosmological
perturbation equations for models with variable G and Lambda in which the
fluctuations in both variables are explicitly included. We demonstrate that, if
matter is covariantly conserved, the late growth of matter density
perturbations is independent of the wavenumber. Furthermore, if Lambda is
negligible at high redshifts and G varies slowly, we find that these
cosmologies produce a matter power spectrum with the same shape as that of the
concordance LCDM model, thus predicting the same basic features on structure
formation. Despite this shape indistinguishability, the free parameters of the
variable G and Lambda models can still be effectively constrained from the
observational bounds on the spectrum amplitude.Comment: Accepted in Classical and Quantum Gravity. One appendix on
perturbations in the Newtonian gauge added. Extended discussion and new
references
Adoção de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) em São Paulo.
Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a adoção dos sistemas de integração no Estado de São Paulo e identificar demandas. Uma amostra de 175 propriedades rurais, sendo 66 adotantes de sistemas de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (ILP), 24 adotantes de sistemas de Integração PecuáriaFloresta (IPF) e 85 não adotantes de sistemas integrados, compôs a base de dados analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado (x2) de Pearson. Os resultados indicam que os adotantes de sistemas ILP possuem maior experiência com atividades agrícolas, participação mais frequente em cooperativas agrícolas, palestras e dias de campo, bem como recebem mais orientação técnica. O acesso ao crédito rural e o uso mais frequente de mecanismos para gestão do risco climático e econômico estão associados ao componente agrícola do ILP. O fator escala de produção explica propriedades rurais mais extensas e estrutura mais robusta de máquinas agrícolas. A adoção dos sistemas IPF encontra-se em fase experimental nas propriedades rurais. Esses adotantes contam com outra fonte de renda, o que os confere maior flexibilidade para testar o sistema, em sua maioria, implantado de forma escalonada na área de pastagem e com recursos próprios. Predominam propriedades rurais menores, com relevo mais ondulado, solos arenosos, rebanhos menores e concentrados nas fases de cria/recria, além de maior diversificação da produção.bitstream/item/214315/1/AdocaoSistemasIntegracao.pd