11 research outputs found
Intraoperative fluid irrigation for traumatic wounds (Protocol)
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of intraoperative fluid irrigation in preventing wound infection in traumatic wounds
Fulminant pneumatosis coli: A rare presentation of hollow viscus injury after blunt abdominal trauma
Survival following Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Sarcoma.
Objectives The aim of this study is to report the overall survival after pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with metastatic sarcoma and prognostic factors for survival. Methods This is a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients having pulmonary metastasectomy for sarcoma over a 5-year period. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results Between August 2007 and January 2014, a total of 80 pulmonary metastasectomies were performed on 66 patients with metastatic sarcoma. There were no postoperative in-hospital deaths. The median age was 51 years (range, 16-79) and 39 (59%) patients were male. Fourteen patients had bilateral lung operations and surgical access was by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in 48 (73%) cases. The median number of metastases resected was 3 (range, 1-9). The median disease-free interval was 25 months (range, 0-156). Median overall survival was 25.5 months (range, 1-60). At follow-up, 19 patients (29%) were dead with a median follow-up of 31 months (range, 1-60). Recurrence of metastases significantly affected survival: median of 25.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.7-33.4) versus 48.4 months (95% CI, 42.5-54.4) in patients with no recurrent metastases (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in survival between patients with high-grade versus low-grade tumors (p = 0.13), histological type (osteosarcoma vs. other soft tissue sarcoma types, p = 0.14), unilateral versus bilateral lung metastases (p = 0.48), or lung metastases alone versus lung and other sites of metastases (p = 0.5). Conclusion In selected patients, pulmonary metastasectomy for sarcoma is safe and may confer a good medium-term survival. Recurrent metastasis after resection confers a poor prognosis
European adult smokers’ perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes:cohort findings from the 2016 and 2018 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Background: This study presents perceptions of the harmfulness of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) relative to combustible cigarettes among smokers from six European Union (EU) countries, prior to the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), and 2 years post-TPD. Methods: Data were drawn from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys, a cohort study of adult smokers (=18 years) from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. Data were collected in 2016 (pre-TPD: N ¼ 6011) and 2018 (post-TPD: N ¼ 6027). Weighted generalized estimating equations were used to estimate perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes compared to combustible cigarettes (less harmful, equally harmful, more harmful or ‘don’t know’). Results: In 2016, among respondents who were aware of e-cigarettes (72.2%), 28.6% reported that they perceived e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes (range 22.0% in Spain to 34.1% in Hungary). In 2018, 72.2% of respondents were aware of e-cigarettes, of whom 28.4% reported perceiving that e-cigarettes are less harmful. The majority of respondents perceived e-cigarettes to be equally or more harmful than cigarettes in both 2016 (58.5%) and 2018 (61.8%, P > 0.05). Overall, there were no significant changes in the perceptions that e-cigarettes are less, equally or more harmful than cigarettes, but ‘don’t know’ responses significantly decreased from 12.9% to 9.8% (P ¼ 0.036). The only significant change within countries was a decrease in ‘don’t know’ responses in Spain (19.3–9.4%, P ¼ .001). Conclusions: The majority of respondents in these six EU countries perceived e-cigarettes to be equally or more harmful than combustible cigarettes
Smoking in public places in six European countries: Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Survey
INTRODUCTION Surveillance of tobacco consumption in public places is an
important measure to evaluate the impact of tobacco control
interventions over time. The objective of this study was to estimate the
prevalence of smoking as seen by smokers and their smoking behaviour in
public places, in six European countries.
METHODS We used baseline data of the International Tobacco Control Six
European countries (ITC 6E) Survey, part of the EUREST-PLUS Project,
conducted in 2016 in national representative samples of about 1000 adult
smokers aged 18 years and older in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland,
Romania and Spain. For each setting (workplaces, restaurants, bars/pubs
and discos) participants were asked whether they had seen someone
smoking during their last visit there and whether they too had smoked
there. We report the overall and by-country weighted prevalence of
seeing someone smoking and the smokers’ own smoking behaviour at each
setting. We also assess the relationship between seeing someone smoking
and smoking themselves at these settings.
RESULTS The prevalence of smoking as seen by smokers was 18.8% at
workplaces, with high variability among countries (from 4.7% in Hungary
to 40.8% in Greece). Among smokers visiting leisure facilities in the
last year, during their last visit 22.7% had seen someone smoking
inside restaurants and 12.2% had smoked themselves there, while for
bars/pubs the corresponding prevalences were 33.9% and 20.4%, and
inside discos 44.8% and 34.8%.
CONCLUSIONS Smoking is still prevalent at leisure facilities,
particularly at discos in Europe, with high variability among countries.
More extensive awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement are needed
to increase the compliance of smokefree regulations, especially in
leisure facilities
Correlates of the support for smoke-free policies among smokers: A cross-sectional study in six European countries of the EUREST-PLUS ITC EUROPE SURVEYS
INTRODUCTION This report describes the support for smoke-free policies
in different settings among smokers in six European countries and the
relationship between their opinions about the places where smoking
should be banned and their beliefs about the harms of secondhand smoke
to non-smokers.
METHODS A cross-sectional survey (the ITC 6 European Country Survey,
part of the EUREST-PLUS Project) was conducted using nationally
representative samples of adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Poland, Romania and Spain (n=6011). We describe the prevalence of
agreement and support for smoke-free policies in different settings
according to sociodemographics, smoking characteristics and beliefs
about the danger of secondhand smoke to non-smokers.
RESULTS There was high agreement with smoking regulations in cars with
preschool children and in schoolyards of primary/secondary schools
(>90% overall) and low agreement with banning smoking in outdoor
terraces of bars/pubs (8.6%; 95% CI: 7.5%-9.8%) and restaurants
(10.1%; 95% CI: 8.9%-11.4%). The highest support for complete
smoking bans inside public places came from smokers in Poland, among
women, people aged >= 25 years, who had low nicotine dependence, and who
tried to quit smoking in the last 12 months. About 78% of participants
agreed that tobacco smoke is dangerous to non-smokers, ranging from
63.1% in Hungary to 88.3% in Romania; the highest agreement was noted
among women, the 25-54 age groups, those with higher education, low
cigarette dependence, and those who tried to quit in the last 12 months.
The support for complete smoking bans in public places was consistently
higher among smokers who agreed that secondhand smoke is dangerous to
non-smokers.
CONCLUSIONS Smokers in six European countries declared strong support
for smoke-free policies in indoor settings and in settings with minors
but low support in outdoor settings, particularly leisure facilities.
More education is needed to increase the awareness about the potential
exposure to secondhand smoke in specific outdoor areas