839 research outputs found
Decomposition and primary crystallization in undercooled Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 melts
Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glasses were prepared by cooling the melt with a rate of about 10 K/s and investigated with respect to their chemical and structural homogeneity by atom probe field ion microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The measurements on these slowly cooled samples reveal that the alloy exhibits phase separation in the undercooled liquid state. Significant composition fluctuations are found in the Be and Zr concentration but not in the Ti, Cu, and Ni concentration. The decomposed microstructure is compared with the microstructure obtained upon primary crystallization, suggesting that the nucleation during primary crystallization of this bulk glass former is triggered by the preceding diffusion controlled decomposition in the undercooled liquid state
Specific volumes of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 alloy in the liquid, glass, and crystalline states
The specific volumes of the Zr41.2Ti13.8CU12.5Ni10.0Be2.25 alloy as a function of temperature, T, are determined by employing an image digitizing technique and numerical calculation methods applied to the electrostatically levitated spherical alloy. The linear fitting of the volumes of the alloy in the liquid, V-l, glass, V-g, and crystalline V-c, states in the temperature ranges shown in parentheses are V-l(T) = 0.1583 + 8.877 x 10(-6)T(cm^(3)/g) (700-1300 K); V-g(T) = 0.1603 + 5.528 x 10^(-6)T (400-550 K); V-c(T) = 0.1583 + 6.211 x 10(-6)T(400-850 K). The average volume thermal expansion coefficients within the temperature ranges are determined to be 5.32, 3.39, and 3.83 x 10^(-5) (1/K) for the liquid, glass, and crystalline states, respectively
A reduced Hsieh–Clough–Tocher element with splitting based on an arbitrary interior point
AbstractWe present formulas for a reduced Hsieh–Clough–Tocher (rHCT) element with splitting based on an arbitrary interior point. These formulas use local barycentric coordinates in each of the subtriangles and are not significantly more complicated than formulas for an rHCT element with splitting based on the centroid
Single-Molecule-Sensitive FRET in Freely-Diffusing Attoliter Droplets
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from individual, dye-labeled
RNA molecules confined in freely-diffusing attoliter-volume aqueous droplets is
carefully compared to FRET from unconfined RNA in solution. The use of
freely-diffusing droplets is a remarkably simple and high-throughput technique
that facilitates a substantial increase in signal-to-noise for
single-molecular-pair FRET measurements. We show that there can be dramatic
differences between FRET in solution and in droplets, which we attribute
primarily to an altered pH in the confining environment. We also demonstrate
that a sufficient concentration of a non-ionic surfactant mitigates this effect
and restores FRET to its neutral-pH solution value. At low surfactant levels,
even accounting for pH, we observe differences between the distribution of FRET
values in solution and in droplets which remain unexplained. Our results will
facilitate the use of nanoemulsion droplets as attoliter volume reactors for
use in biophysical and biochemical assays, and also in applications such as
protein crystallization or nanoparticle synthesis, where careful attention to
the pH of the confined phase is required.Comment: Twenty-three pages, 3 figures, one table, plus supporting information
with additional figures and table
Composite Polarons in Ferromagnetic Narrow-band Metallic Manganese Oxides
A new mechanism is proposed to explain the colossal magnetoresistance and
related phenomena. Moving electrons accompanied by Jahn-Teller phonon and
spin-wave clouds may form composite polarons in ferromagnetic narrow-band
manganites. The ground-state and finite-temperature properties of such
composite polarons are studied in the present paper. By using a variational
method, it is shown that the energy of the system at zero temperature decreases
with the formation of composite polaron; the energy spectrum and effective mass
of the composite polaron at finite temperature is found to be strongly
renormalized by the temperature and the magnetic field. It is suggested that
the composite polaron contribute significantly to the transport and the
thermodynamic properties in ferromagnetic narrow-band metallic manganese
oxides.Comment: Latex, no figur
A single hollow beam optical trap for cold atoms
We present an optical trap for atoms that we have developed for precision
spectroscopy measurements. Cold atoms are captured in a dark region of space
inside a blue-detuned hollow laser beam formed by an axicon. We analyze the
light potential in a ray optics picture and experimentally demonstrate trapping
of laser-cooled metastable xenon atoms.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
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