Economic Factors of Rural Exodus in Yugoslavia

Autor analizira karakteristike procesa transfera radne snage iz poljoprivrede na području Jugoslavije, a posebnim osvrtom na Vojvodinu. Pri tom se ističu negativne posledice navedenog procesa, kao što su: rast staračkih i mešovitih domaćinstava, pritisak na zapošljavanje seoskog stanovništva u gradove itd. Pri objašnjenju uzroka navedenog procesa autor primat daje ekonomskim faktorima. Od njih analiziraju se sledeći: strategija privrednog razvoja, nepovoljan ekonomski položaj poljoprivrede, relativno niski dohoci u poljoprivredi, nestabilnost tržišta poljoprivrednih proizvoda, strukturne promene u razvoju poljoprivrede, tehničke promene u poljoprivredi, politika zapošljavanja i spor razvoj društveno-ekonomskih odnosa u poljoprivredi. Autor dolazi do zaključka da je neophodno, merama ekonomske politike zaustaviti tendenciju ubrzanog ruralnog egzodusa. Na taj način stvorili bi se uslovi da poljoprivreda apsorbuje znatan deo nezaposlene radne snage.The author analyzes the transfer of the labour force out of agriculture in Yugoslavia, with a special view of Vojvodina. He stresses the negative consequences of that process: the increase of old-people and part-time households, pressure for the employment of the rural population in towns etc. In his explanation of that process, the author gives priority to economic factors. He analyzes the following: the strategy of economic development, the unfavourable economic position of agriculture, relatively low incomes in agriculture, the instability of the market for agricultural products, structural changes in the development of agriculture, technical changes in agriculture, the employment policy and the slow development of socio-economic relations in agriculture. The author concludes that it is essential, through measures of the economic policy, to stop rapid rural exodus. This would make it possible for agriculture to absorb a large part of the unemployed labour force

Impact of Tourism Destination Strategy on Its Competitiveness

The aim of this paper is to explore how destination strategy – marketing, employees, policy of planning and destination development, management of service quality and management of environmental protection - affects competitiveness of rural tourism destinations in Vojvodina (Serbia) and Hungary. Tourism experts in Vojvodina (136) and Hungary (138) were asked to evaluate the current condition of all 24 attributes which affect the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations. Likert scale of five marks was used in order to determine the effect of the strategies on the competitiveness of Vojvodina/Hungary as a rural tourism destination. Authors concluded that a large number of tourist resources and attractions are irreplaceable, and the purpose of formulating and implementing strategies must be to ensure that the use of resource ensure their long-term sustainability. Such a development strategies are processes or activities that correspond to the tourist attractions and resources of destinations, and on the other hand, are aligned with the external environment. Destination competitiveness can be increased by using a strategy of constant innovation and continuous change. In order to be competitive, destination should offer flexible, segmented and customized products. The main methods of developing flexibility for the competitiveness of tourist destinations rely on the organization, management, marketing, distribution and other forms of interactions and relationships between tourism suppliers. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Impact of Tourism Destination Strategy on Its Competitiveness

The aim of this paper is to explore how destination strategy – marketing, employees, policy of planning and destination development, management of service quality and management of environmental protection - affects competitiveness of rural tourism destinations in Vojvodina (Serbia) and Hungary. Tourism experts in Vojvodina (136) and Hungary (138) were asked to evaluate the current condition of all 24 attributes which affect the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations. Likert scale of five marks was used in order to determine the effect of the strategies on the competitiveness of Vojvodina/Hungary as a rural tourism destination. Authors concluded that a large number of tourist resources and attractions are irreplaceable, and the purpose of formulating and implementing strategies must be to ensure that the use of resource ensure their long-term sustainability. Such a development strategies are processes or activities that correspond to the tourist attractions and resources of destinations, and on the other hand, are aligned with the external environment. Destination competitiveness can be increased by using a strategy of constant innovation and continuous change. In order to be competitive, destination should offer flexible, segmented and customized products. The main methods of developing flexibility for the competitiveness of tourist destinations rely on the organization, management, marketing, distribution and other forms of interactions and relationships between tourism suppliers. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Farmstead tourism: examples of good practice in Vojvodina

Farmstead tourism is a special form of rural tourism, which represents a well-developed, promoted and popular rural tourist product, both on the domestic and international tourist markets. Farmstead tourism is characteristic for the area of Vojvodina, and its development requires a connection with agriculture, the preservation of cultural and historical heritage, as well as an authentic gastronomic offer. The aim of the work is to present the importance of farmstead tourism for the development of rural tourism in the area of AP Vojvodina, as well as to present examples of good practice, i.e. farms with the longest tradition and best results in tourism

Agro-economic development based on the economy of knowledge, business and social skills

In this paper, we tried to point out the contemporary global trends of agrarian development that generate new knowledge, a new way of learning, new innovative and creative techniques of professional training - business and social skills. Intention is to provide support and encouragement to enter new forms of agrarian business. Since education, as a dominant need for agrarian research, is in the function of labor or occupation, we wanted to provide an insight into the educational needs required for professional education and training, as well as how much the content of work in the agrarian defines educational needs and expresses interest in vocational education and training, by affirming practice through the realm of work and business results

The influence of milk, additives and technology on the chemical composition and sensory properties of Trapist cheese

U radu je prikazana pokusna proizvodnja sira Trapista u zrenjaninskoj mljekari “Mlekoprodukt”. Upotrijebljeno je mlijeko proizvedeno na farmi “Agroklek”, a sir Trapist proizveden je uobičajenom tehnologijom. Pokus se sastojao u primjeni dviju vrsta mezofilne mljekarske kulture i dviju vrsta sirila (animalnoga i mikrobnog). Dobiveni sir dozrijevao je na dva načina - premazan zaštitnim premazom i zapakiran vakuumski u foliju. Kemijski sastav sira utvrđivan je 60. i 90. dana zrenja, nakon čega je senzorno ocijenjen. Analitički je utvrđeno da su vrijednosti sadržaja suhe tvari sira, masti, pepela, bjelančevina, ukupnog dušika, topljivog dušika, netopljivog dušika, pH-vrijednosti i koeficijent zrelosti kod sireva sa zaštitnim premazom kore više u odnosu na sireve koji su dozrijevali u foliji. Isto tako, utvrđeno je da su vrijednosti sadržaja masti u suhoj tvari sira, vode u bezmasnoj tvari, laktoze, kuhinjske soli, kalcija i titracijske kiselosti kod sireva sa zaštitnim premazom kore niže u odnosu na sireve koji su dozrijevali u foliji. Najvišu ocjenu kvalitete postigao je sir Trapist proizveden mljekarskom kulturom FD-DVS CH-N 11 (CHR HANSEN, Danska) i animalnim sirilom Caglificio Clerici (Italija). Sirevi s korom zaštićenom premazom u odnosu na sireve koji su zapakirani u foliju pokazali su se boljim rješenjem s aspekta senzorne ocjene.The paper describes the Trapist cheese production trials in the “Mlekoprodukt” Dairy in Zrenjanin, Serbia. The cheese-making milk was produced on the “Agroklek” Dairy Farm, and Trapist cheese was manufactured using Trapist technology. In the trials two types of mesophilic starter culture and two types of rennet (animal and microbial) were used. The obtained cheese underwent two different ripening processes: with applied protective coating, and in a vacuum foil. The cheese chemical composition was analysed after 60 and 90 days of ripening. After that its sensory characteristics were also evaluated. The cheese analysis established that dry matter content - fat, ash, protein, total nitrogen, soluble and insoluble nitrogen, pH value, and coefficient of ripening in cheese with protective coating were higher when compared with the cheese packed in a vacuum foil during ripening. The analysis also established that the content of fat in dry matter in cheese, and the contents of water in fat-free matter, sodium-chloride, calcium, and acid based titration for the cheese with the applied protective coating were lower when compared with the relevant contents in cheeses in a vacuum foil during ripening. Trapist cheese manufactured using the FD-DVS CH-N 11 (CHR HANSEN, Denmark) starter culture, and Caglificio Clerici (Italy) animal rennet, achieved the highest quality grade. The cheeses with the applied protective coating had better sensory properties when compared with cheeses packed in a vacuum foil

Problems of agricultural and rural development in Serbia and necessity of new agricultural policy

The Republic of Serbia has a favorable conditions for agricultural and rural development (5,097 million ha of agricultural land, 85% of the territory is rural). Serbia has a skilled and educated human resources and appropriate institutions for education (high schools, colleges, institutes), as well as a long agricultural tradition. Nevertheless agriculture and villages in Serbia are in the process of decay, devastation and backwardness. Agricultural production in the period from 2000-2015 for example had positive outcome in only four years. The negative development trend was followed with de-agrarianism and demographic emptying of villages. The causes for this are numerous. The authors come to the conclusion that a new paradigm of sustainable agricultural and rural development, as well as the new agricultural policy is need

The Development of the Employer Brand in the Labour Market

Nowadays, the lack of high qualified staff is more conspicuous than ever before. The development of new knowledge and professions is followed by the modern technological changes, enormous usage of Internet and development of artificial intelligence. These trends have led to changes in the behaviour and access of both sides in the labour market. Candidates who have specific knowledge, skills and experience have the opportunity to choose the companies they want to work in, setting the conditions for employers. Companies, employers, who need some special skills are forced to make an effort to stand out and attract the attention of the target group. Therefore, the branding activities of the employer became crucial in a modern labour market. The aim of the paper is to identify the dimensions of attractiveness in branding employers and the levels of importance of each dimension. The results of the survey indicate that candidates are looking for many additional information about the employer. Each generation has certain ways and channels of gathering information that it considers credible. If employers do not recognize or ignore those channels, they miss the possibility of establishing and building relationships with candidates before employment itself. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Marketing Decision Making by Applying the Expert System

The main goal of this paper is to develop an expert system based on fuzzy set theory that will provide more successful and efficient decision making in the area of marketing, in relation with dilemma “to produce or to purchase”. Namely, authors will try to develop a model that will be suitable for making marketing decisions in production systems. Methodology in the paper obtained analysis of the theory of marketing, the development of the specific model for decision making, so as the application of developed model on one case from production system. Methodology which allows to model indeterminacy is fuzzy sets theory which is particularly well designed for dealing with non-probabilistic uncertainties. Authors will develop a model for decision making, based on successful integration of marketing and fuzzy theories. They will implement the model in decision making problem related to the debate “to produce or to purchase” on one real decision problem in production system. The main goal of this paper is to make changes in the work of decision makers in marketing sector. Authors pointed the advantages of the model with quality management, but also some limitations and possibilities for the future researches. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p