Fine mapping of <i>st1-2</i> gene (A) and alignment of DNA (B) and protein (C) sequences between WT and mutant.

<p>A, Genetic mapping of the <i>st1-2</i> gene using SSR and InDel markers. The locus of <i>st1-2</i> was initially mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 between a 3.3-centimorgan (cM) to RM3438, and a 2.2-cM to RM3431 markers. B, Comparison of DNA sequences between mutant and the wild type. C, Comparison of protein sequences between <i>st1-</i>2 and the wild type.</p

Transcription analysis of gene of chlorophyll biosynthesis affected directly between WT and mutants by different temperature dealt.

<p>L expresses light condition, D expresses dark condition.</p

Alignment of the amino acid sequence deduced for RNRS1 and its homologues.

<p>The α helix and loop regions were shown in blue and black, respectively. The conserved sites of 171- and 229-amino acid residue are shown in red. Information of reference sequence are as follows: RNRS, small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase 1; 3vpn, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2; 3vpo, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2; 3olj, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2; 1xsm, A ribonucleoside reductase R2; 2vux, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B; 4djn, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B; 2p1i, A ribonucleotide reductase, small chain; 1w69, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 chain; 1smq, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain 1; 2uw2, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductaseM2 subunit; 3hf1, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B; 1jk0, A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain 1.</p

Ultrastructure of chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of mutant plants.

<p>a, shown are transmission electron microscopy images of chloroplast of the wild type (WT) in 5000 times in tillering stage; b, enlarged in 20000 times for WT in tillering stage; C, 5000 times for WT in jointing stage; d, 20000 times for WT in jointing stage; e, <i>st1-2</i> at 5000 times in tillering stage; f, <i>st1-2</i> at 20000 times in tillering stage; g, <i>st1-2</i> at 5000 times in jointing stage; h, <i>st1-2</i> at 20000 times in jointing stage; i, <i>st1-3</i> at 5000 times in tillering stage; j, <i>st1-3</i> at 20000 times in tillering stage; k, <i>st1-3</i> at 5000 times in jointing stage; l, <i>st1-3</i> at 20000 times in jointing stage; C, chloroplast; F, fat; G, grana; M, mitochondria; N, nucleus; OG, osmiophilic plastoglobuli; S, starch granule; TM, thylakoid membranes.</p

Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of WT, <i>st1-2</i> and <i>st1-3</i> in different developmental stages.

<p>Chl <i>a</i>, chlorophyll a; Chl <i>b</i>, chlorophyll <i>b</i>; Caro, carotenoid; Chl, total chlorophyll content.</p

Transcription levels of RNRS1 gene with different development stage among WT and mutants.

<p>A, electrophoregram results for expression patterns of RNRS1 gene with different development stages by RT-PCR; B, Transcription levels of RNRS1 gene with different development stages by real-time PCR.</p

Transcription levels for plastid-nuclear genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis affected indirectly in tillering stage between WT and mutants.

<p>Transcription levels for plastid-nuclear genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis affected indirectly in tillering stage between WT and mutants.</p

Photosynthesis rate of WT, <i>st1-2</i> and <i>st1-3</i> in different development stage.

<p>Photosynthesis rate of WT, <i>st1-2</i> and <i>st1-3</i> in different development stage.</p

Polymorphic SSR markers designed for fine mapping straighthead resistance QTL <i>qSH-8</i> on chromosome (chr) 8 using two recombined inbred line (RIL) F₉ populations.

<p>Polymorphic SSR markers designed for fine mapping straighthead resistance QTL <i>qSH-8</i> on chromosome (chr) 8 using two recombined inbred line (RIL) F₉ populations.</p

Association of markers with straighthead phenotype using two recombined inbred line (RIL) F₉ populations and a global germplasm collection including 72 accessions (some germplasm accessions had no parental alleles for a certain marker).

a<p>The accessions or RILs selected for marker verification were either resistant with straighthead rating 4 or below or susceptible with rating 6 or above in global germplasm collection and two F₉ populations.</p>b<p>A total of 34 accessions were selected for verification of AP3858-1 because remaining 38 had either no alleles of or different from parental Zhe733, R312, Cocodrie and Jing185, and for the same reason, 42 accessions were applied for verification of InDell 11. Hybrid genotypes were included as the resistance group since resistance was dominant over susceptibility.</p