The β-modification of trizinc borate phosphate, Zn3(BO3)(PO4)

Crystals of β-Zn3(BO3)(PO4) have been grown by the Kyropoulos method. The asymmetric unit contains three Zn sites, three B-atom sites (all with symmetry 3), two P sites (both with m symmetry) and nine O-atom sites (four with m symmetry). The fundamental building units of the title structure are isolated BO3 triangles and PO4 tetra­hedra, which are bridged by ZnO4 tetra­hedra or ZnO5 trigonal bipyramids through common O atoms, leading to a three-dimensional framework structure. Some significant structural differences between the β-polymorph and the α-polymorph are discussed

The Proliferation Enhancing Effects of Salidroside on Schwann Cells In Vitro

Derived from Rhodiola rosea L., which is a popular plant in Eastern Europe and Asia, salidroside has pharmacological properties including antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antioxidative effects. Recent studies show that salidroside has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of salidroside on Schwann cells (SCs) and the underlying mechanisms of the salidroside-induced neurotrophin secretion have seldom been studied. In this study, the effect of salidroside on the survival, proliferation, and gene expression of Schwann cells lineage (RSC96) was studied through the examinations of the cell viability, proliferation, morphology, and expression of neurotrophic factor related genes including BDNF, GDNF, and CDNF at 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively. These results showed that salidroside significantly enhanced survival and proliferation of SCs. The underlying mechanism might involve that salidroside affected SCs growth through the modulation of several neurotrophic factors including BDNF, GDNF, and CDNF. As for the concentration, 0.4 mM, 0.2 mM, and 0.1 mM of salidroside were recommended, especially 0.2 mM. This investigation indicates that salidroside is capable of enhancing SCs survival and function in vitro, which highlights the possibility that salidroside as a drug agent to promote nerve regeneration in cellular nerve scaffold through salidroside-induced neurotrophin secretion in SCs

Book Reviews and the Consolidation of Genre

Some literary scholars have claimed that predictive models can measure the strength of the boundaries that separate different cultural categories—genres, for instance, or market segments. But interpreting textual models as evidence about the strength of a cultural distinction has seemed a questionable move to many readers. We use book reviews to test this inference. Are the similarities between fictional texts purely verbal phenomena, or do they reflect social categories that are also legible (although expressed differently) in readers' responses to those texts? We find that the subject and genre categories most strongly marked in fictional texts are also the categories most strongly marked in reviews of fiction. The correlation is strong; r > .8

Increased Functional Brain Network Efficiency During Audiovisual Temporal Asynchrony Integration Task in Aging

Audiovisual integration significantly changes over the lifespan, but age-related functional connectivity in audiovisual temporal asynchrony integration tasks remains underexplored. In the present study, electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 27 young adults (22–25 years) and 25 old adults (61–76 years) were recorded during an audiovisual temporal asynchrony integration task with seven conditions [auditory (A), visual (V), AV, A50V, A100V, V50A and V100A]. We calculated the phase lag index (PLI)-weighted connectivity networks modulated by the audiovisual tasks and found that the PLI connections showed obvious dynamic changes after stimulus onset. In the theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) bands, the AV and V50A conditions induced stronger functional connections and higher global and local efficiencies, reflecting a stronger audiovisual integration effect, which was attributed to the auditory information arriving at the primary auditory cortex earlier than the visual information reaching the primary visual cortex. Importantly, the functional connectivity and network efficiencies of old adults revealed higher global and local efficiencies and higher degree in both the theta and alpha bands. These larger network efficiencies indicated that old adults might experience more difficulties in attention and cognitive control during the audiovisual integration task with temporal asynchrony than young adults. There were significant associations between network efficiencies and peak time of integration only in young adults. We propose that an audiovisual task with multiple conditions might arouse the appropriate attention in young adults but would lead to a ceiling effect in old adults. Our findings provide new insights into the network topography of old adults during audiovisual integration and highlight higher functional connectivity and network efficiencies due to greater cognitive demand

Associations of Amylin with Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently Healthy Chinese

BACKGROUND: Cellular and animal studies implicate multiple roles of amylin in regulating insulin action, glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, the role of amylin in obesity related metabolic disorders has not been thoroughly investigated in humans. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of circulating amylin and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and explore if this association is influenced by obesity, inflammatory markers or insulin resistance in apparently healthy Chinese. METHODS: A population-based sample of 1,011 Chinese men and women aged 35-54 years was employed to measure plasma amylin, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), insulin, glucose and lipid profiles. MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans. RESULTS: Plasma amylin concentrations were higher in overweight/obese participants than normal-weight counterparts (P<0.001) without sex difference. Circulating amylin was positively associated with CRP, IL-6, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, amylin/insulin ratio, HOMA-IR, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, while negatively associated with HDL cholesterol (all P<0.001). After multiple adjustments, the risk of MetS was significantly higher (odds ratio 3.71; 95% confidence interval: 2.53 to 5.46) comparing the highest with the lowest amylin quartile. The association remained significant even further controlling for BMI, inflammatory markers, insulin or HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that amylin is strongly associated with inflammatory markers and MetS. The amylin-MetS association is independent of established risk factors of MetS, including obesity, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. The causal role of hyperamylinemia in the development of MetS needs to be confirmed prospectively

Teaching trans studies through fan fiction in college English classrooms

Trans studies has usually been taught within gender studies and women's studies programs. Yet, as trans studies has become highly interdisciplinary, trans awareness is still an issue in many fields; thus, incorporating trans discussions in courses in multiple disciplines is imperative. This study demonstrates how the firsthand teaching experience of a student-centered, literary-theory-related undergraduate course unit given by the English department incorporated trans studies through fan fiction. Particularly, we utilized the theoretical concept of nonbinary genders and its resistance to the heteronormative and heteropatriarchal system via a study of Loki's gender fluidity in the Loki miniseries, some exemplary transgender fan fiction, and the Omegaverse. Fandoms and fan fiction can be valuable course materials to create a comfortable space for students from different backgrounds to actively engage, discuss, and think critically about trans topics and trans theories. In this sense, this course unit explores the possibility of teaching trans studies beyond gender studies classrooms as well as courses focusing primarily on trans studies, encouraging more students to understand trans concepts and become trans allies

Assessing the characteristics of different-sized particles in the first flush of roof runoff

The first flush occurs during urban runoff events. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics of different-sized particles in the first flush of roof runoff, and runoff was collected from an asphalt roof (AR), metal roof (MR), and cement roof (CR) for analysis. There were no clear patterns in the particle size distributions in the runoff from the three roofs and were affected by several factors. The strength of the first flushes differed significantly for particles in different size categories in AR, MR, and CR runoff and were very different from suspended solids (SS). The comparison showed that it would be possible to meet the SS control design expectation required by the Chinese national standard for runoff pollution control (VFF = 3 mm) for particles 45 μm. The methods presented provide an alternative for assessing the ability to control the transport of different-sized particles in runoff. HIGHLIGHTS First flushes of SS, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in runoff were stronger for an AR, followed by an MR, and weakest for a CR.; First flushes of different-sized particles were different from those of SS.; First flushes of particles in the different size ranges were influenced by the rainfall characteristics and roof types.; Requirements of the Chinese national standards can be met for particles 45 μm.

Characterization and Function of the 1-Deoxy-D-xylose-5-Phosphate Synthase (DXS) Gene Related to Terpenoid Synthesis in Pinus massoniana

In the methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is considered the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of terpenoids. In this study, PmDXS (MK970590) was isolated from Pinus massoniana. Bioinformatics analysis revealed homology of MK970590 with DXS proteins from other species. Relative expression analysis suggested that PmDXS expression was higher in roots than in other plant parts, and the treatment of P. massoniana seedlings with mechanical injury via 15% polyethylene glycol 6000, 10 mM H2O2, 50 &mu;M ethephon (ETH), 10 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) resulted in an increased expression of PmDXS. pET28a-PmDXS was expressed in Escherichia coli TransB (DE3) cells, and stress analysis showed that the recombinant protein was involved in resistance to NaCl and drought stresses. The subcellular localization of PmDXS was in the chloroplast. We also cloned a full-length 1024 bp PmDXS promoter. GUS expression was observed in Nicotiana benthamiana roots, stems, and leaves. PmDXS overexpression significantly increased carotenoid, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b contents and DXS enzyme activity, suggesting that DXS is important in isoprenoid biosynthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for molecular breeding for terpene synthesis regulation and resistance