Spatial Motion of Arytenoid Cartilage Using Dynamic Computed Tomography Combined with Euler Angles.

OBJECTIVE(#br)To investigate the feasibility of dynamic computed tomography in recording and describing the spatial motion characteristics of the arytenoid cartilage.(#br)METHODS(#br)Dynamic computed tomography recorded the real-time motion trajectory of the arytenoid cartilage during inspiration and phonation. A stationary coordinate system was established with the cricoid cartilage as a reference and a motion coordinate system was established using the movement of the arytenoid cartilage. The Euler angles of the arytenoid cartilage movement were calculated by transformation of the two coordinate systems, and the spatial motion characteristics of the arytenoid cartilage were quantitatively studied.(#br)RESULTS(#br)Displacement of the cricoid cartilage was primarily inferior during inspiration. During phonation, the displacement was mainly superior. When the glottis closed, the superior displacement was about 5-8 mm within 0.56 s. During inspiration, the arytenoid cartilage was displaced superiorly approximately 1-2 mm each 0.56 s. The rotation angle was subtle with slight rotation around the XYZ axis, with a range of 5-10 degrees. During phonation, the displacement of the arytenoid cartilage was mainly inferior (about 4-6 mm), anterior (about 2-4 mm) and medial (about 1-2 mm). The motion of the arytenoid cartilage mainly consisted of medial rolling, and there was an alternating movement of anterior-posterior tilting. The arytenoid cartilage rolled medially (about 20-40 degrees within 0.56 s), accompanied by anterior-posterior tilting (about 15-20 degrees within 0.56 s).(#br)CONCLUSION(#br)Dynamic computed tomography recordings of arytenoid cartilage movement can be combined with Euler transformations as a tool to study the spatial characteristics of laryngeal structures during phonation.(#br)LEVEL OF EVIDENCE(#br)4 Laryngoscope, 2019

The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata

© The Author(s). 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

Influence of

In order to evaluate the influence of Daphnia magna and Ceratophyllum demersum on the control of algae under different phosphorus concentrations, Cyclotella sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, and Chlorella vulgaris were selected to establish an aquatic microcosmic model. When the phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.05 to 2 mg L−1, D. magna significantly inhibited the three species of algae from different phylum, particularly M. aeruginosa, and the total growth rates of the three species of algae decreased with the increase of phosphorus concentration. When the phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.05 to 2 mg L−1, C. demersum imparted a significant inhibition of the three species of algae, particularly M. aeruginosa. The total growth rates of the three species of algae were reduced with higher phosphorus concentrations; however, the effect was lower than that of D. magna, with C. vulgaris as the dominant species. When the phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.05 to 2 mg L−1, D. magna combined with C. demersum inhibited the growth of the three species of algae to a considerable degree, which was an improvement over that of other experimental groups using only D. magna or C. demersum by themselves. The total growth rates of algae were reduced with higher phosphorus concentrations. When the phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 mg L−1, the removal rates of phosphorus exceeded 90%, and the phosphorus concentration became the limiting factor in the culture system. We observed that under higher initial phosphorus concentrations, the nitrogen removal rate increased, whereas the phosphorus removal rate decreased.Three species of water blooms algae from different phylum (Cyclotella sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris), zooplankton (Daphnia magna), and aquatic macrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum) were selected to establish an aquatic microcosmic model, which was to facilitate quantitative study of the relationships between the concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus and the three types of organism. The results of the study will provide an important reference for the control of water blooms

Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks for wound healing and skin regeneration

Various wounds caused by burns, trauma, surgery, and genetic irregularities, including acute and chronic wounds, pose a huge burden on global healthcare. Many therapeutic strategies, such as nanomedicine and regenerative medicine, have been applied to wound repair and skin regeneration. As a promising and exciting nanomaterial, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) encompass many desirable properties, including crystalline porous structure, tunable size, good mechanical stability, large specific surface area, and exceptional chemical stability. Most importantly, the performance of MOFs can be modulated by changing synthesis steps and conditions. MOFs can release metal ions to modulate cellular behaviors and kill various microorganisms, which meets this dual agent release therapeutic strategy for wound healing and skin regeneration. Additionally, MOFs can act as carriers for delivering bioactive agents in a desired manner. Recently, an increasing number of researchers have conducted many studies on applying various MOFs in wound healing and skin regeneration. Based on this, we perform this study to report the current status and further perspective of MOFs-based therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, the molecular process of wound healing and the fabrication of MOFs were also discussed

Biomimetic fabrication bioprinting strategies based on decellularized extracellular matrix for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration: Current status and future perspectives

Musculoskeletal disorders, as one of the prevalent categories of ailments, exert significant impacts on individuals’ lives, occupations, and physical activities. Degenerative changes, injuries, infections, and tumor resections causing defects in musculoskeletal tissues such as cartilage, bones, skeletal muscles, menisci, ligaments, and rotator cuffs can detrimentally affect patients’ quality of life and mental well-being. Traditional autologous and allogeneic transplantations have been clinically employed. However, autologous transplantation suffers from the limitation of a finite number of transplantable tissues, while allogeneic transplantation faces challenges such as immune rejection. The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a natural scaffold for cells to fulfill physiological functions such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) emerges as a promising biomaterial generated through specific tissue or organ decellularization. Leveraging 3D bioprinting technology, dECM-based biomaterials enable customized printing and construction. This study reviews various decellularization techniques, post-decellularization strategies, and commonly used 3D bioprinting technologies. It summarizes the integration of dECM-based biomaterials with 3D bioprinting technology applied in musculoskeletal system research. These investigations showcase the exciting potential of dECM-based biomaterials in the musculoskeletal system, offering prospects for clinical translation in orthopedics

Integrated design and fabrication strategies based on bioprinting for skeletal muscle regeneration: Current status and future perspectives

The number of skeletal muscle injuries derived from myopathies, exercise, and trauma, is growing due to increasing sports activities in normal life of people. Skeletal muscle has a robust capacity for regeneration following injury. However, few if any effective therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are available. Poor repair of muscle injury will lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction, resulting in physical pain and even seriously compromising daily life. As a new technology of biomedicine, 3D bioprinting is widely used in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to its enormous advantages. 3D bioprinting creates biological structures similar to that of protists by precisely constructing a specified geometric shape at micro/nano levels, thus addressing the unmet needs in tissue replacement and organ transplantation. With the further application of bioprinting in various tissue repairs, more and more researchers utilized 3D bioprinting in skeletal muscle regeneration. Various bioinks, such as alginate, gelatin, fibrin hydrogels, and extracellular matrix (ECM), loaded with functional seed cells or growth factors have been applied to fabricating 3D bioprinted constructs with complicated inner structures for skeletal muscle regeneration. Therefore, we conducted this review to report the skeletal muscle regeneration process, the development status of bioprinting technology, and the mechanism of promoting skeletal muscle repair. In addition, the current challenges and further perspectives of skeletal muscle regeneration by bioprinting are also discussed in this study

Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on a Stretchable and Conductive Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Phytic Acid/NH2-POSS Hydrogel with a 3D Microporous Structure

Conductive hydrogel-based wearable strain sensors with tough, stretchable, self-recoverable, and highly sensitive properties are highly demanded for applications in electronic skin and human-machine interface. However, currently, hydrogel-based strain sensors put forward higher requirements on their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and sensitivity. Herein, we report a poly(vinyl alcohol)/phytic acid/amino-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PVA/PA/NH2-POSS) conductive composite hydrogel prepared via a facile freeze-thaw cycle method. Within this hydrogel, PA acts as a cross-linking agent and ionizes hydrogen ions to endow the material with ionic conductivity, while NH2-POSS acts as a second cross-linking agent by increasing the cross-linking density of the three-dimensional network structure. The effect of the content of NH2-POSS is investigated, and the composite hydrogel with 2 wt % NH2-POSS displays a uniform and dense three-dimensional (3D) network microporous structure, high conductivity of 2.41 S/m, and tensile strength and elongation at break of 361 kPa and 363%, respectively. This hydrogel is biocompatible and has demonstrated the application as a strain sensor monitoring different human movements. The assembled sensor is stretchable, self-recoverable, and highly sensitive with fast response time (220 ms) and excellent sensitivity (GF = 3.44)

A new species of the artiopodan arthropod <i>Acanthomeridion</i> from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, China, and the phylogenetic significance of the genus

New material of the rare arthropod Acanthomeridion, including Acanthomeridion anacanthus sp. nov., is described from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Yunnan Province, China. The material includes a specimen with paired gut diverticulae along the length of the mid-gut that resemble structures in other artiopodan arthropods such as naraoiids. Previous phylogenetic analyses have indicated a petalopleuran/xandarellid affinity for Acanthomeridion, but our analysis resolves Acanthomeridion outside the main subclades of the Artiopoda (Aglaspidida + Trilobita, Nektaspida, Cheloniellida + Xenopoda, Conciliterga, Petalopleura (including Xandarellida)) as the most basal artiopodan. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3563C327-EF9C-4A49-B200-417CE5D95D60</p