Knowledge Represent and Reconstruction by “Fundamentals of Materials Science” Classroom Teaching Mode Reform

AbstractClassroom teaching is the main form of teaching organization and activity way, and is also the main base on the classroom teaching mode reform. This article by “Fundamentals of Materials Science” as an example, generalizing the knowledge representation of three types and advantages in the classroom teaching, points out that the teacher's role in this progresss. We analyze that the feasibility and the ideal effect on rebuilding the students of materials science knowledge by the inquiry learning new knowledge, hierarchical practice and the freedom of assignments. The teachers can link of knowledge and new knowledge from participating in the generation of new knowledge; The teachers help students from standing in “the shoulders of giants” and not on “beach” by the careful design “training”; The teachers ensure that all students get interesting on learning “Fundamentals of Materials Science” by flexible free homework

Total thyroidectomy may be more reasonable as initial surgery in unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a single-center experience

The ethics statement of our study by the Ethics Committee of Jilin University affiliated First Hospital. (DOC 58 kb

Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhosis

In liver cirrhosis, portal vein thrombosis (PVT), which is defined as thrombosis that occurs within the main portal vein and intrahepatic portal branches, is one of the most common complications. High incidence of PVT in the setting of liver cirrhosis is mainly due to hypercoagulable state and altered dynamic of blood flow in the portal vein. The clinical manifestations of PVT are variable among different patients, so the diagnosis of PVT is mainly dependent on the imaging examinations, like ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The overall goal of treatment for PVT can be summarized as reducing risk factors of PVT, thus to prevent further expansion of thrombus and maintain portal patency and prevent and treat the symptoms of PVT by anticoagulants, local thrombolysis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and/or surgery. In future, due to the progress in vascular imaging and innovation in clinical anti-thrombotic drug, PVT could be prevented and cured effectively

The Roles of GRKs in Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Along with cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases remain by far the most common causes of death. Heart attacks and strokes are diseases in which platelets play a role, through activation on ruptured plaques and subsequent thrombus formation. Most platelet agonists activate platelets via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which make these receptors ideal targets for many antiplatelet drugs. However, little is known about the mechanisms that provide feedback regulation on GPCRs to limit platelet activation. Emerging evidence from our group and others strongly suggests that GPCR kinases (GRKs) are critical negative regulators during platelet activation and thrombus formation. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the role of GRKs in platelet biology and how one specific GRK, GRK6, regulates the hemostatic response to vascular injury. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential role of GRKs in thrombotic disorders, such as thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. Studies on the function of GRKs during platelet activation and thrombus formation have just recently begun, and a better understanding of the role of GRKs in hemostasis and thrombosis will provide a fruitful avenue for understanding the hemostatic response to injury. It may also lead to new therapeutic options for the treatment of thrombotic and cardiovascular disorders

Stress sensitivity of multiscale pore structure of shale gas reservoir under fracturing fluid imbibition

Generally, huge amounts of fracturing fluid are used in a shale gas well but the flowback efficiency is low. Since the distribution characteristics of imbibed fracturing fluid in shale are complex, they need further evaluation. This paper takes the Longmaxi Shale as the research object, including matrix cores, natural fracture cores and cores of artificial fracture with proppant. Stress sensitivity experiments are carried out on the above three kinds of cores under different degrees of imbibition and retention state of fracturing fluid. The results show that when the degree of aqueous phase retention is 0-0.78 pore volume, water mainly appears in the pores with a diameter of 2-50 nm. As the water saturation increases to more than 0.9 pore volume, the amounts of aqueous phase in the pores or fractures with a hydraulic diameter of 100-1,000 nm and larger than 1,000 nm increase significantly. Both the stress sensitivity of nanopores and natural fractures are enhanced by aqueous phase retention. With the increase in effective stress, the permeability damage rate of artificial fracture cores with proppant is inversely proportional to the degree of fracturing fluid retention. Aqueous phase retention in the pores with a diameter of 2-50 nm significantly contributes to the stress sensitivity of matrix cores. With the increase in effective stress, aqueous phase retention in pores with diameter larger than 100 nm increases the stress sensitivity of natural fracture cores. It is recommended that the retention degree of fracturing fluid in a shale gas reservoir should be controlled below 0.5 pore volume. In this case, the stress sensitivity of natural fractures will be less aggravated by fracturing fluid retention, and the stress sensitivity of artificial fracture with proppant will be reduced to a certain extent.Document Type: Original articleCited as: Chen, M., Yan, M., Kang, Y., Cao, W., Bai, J., Li, P. Stress sensitivity of multiscale pore structure of shale gas reservoir under fracturing fluid imbibition. Capillarity, 2023, 8(1): 11-22. https://doi.org/10.46690/capi.2023.07.0

Stress CMR T1-mapping technique for assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction in a rabbit model of type II diabetes mellitus: Validation against histopathologic changes

BackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an early character of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is indicative of adverse events. The present study aimed to validate the performance of the stress T1 mapping technique on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for identifying CMD from a histopathologic perspective and to establish the time course of CMD-related parameters in a rabbit model of T2DM.MethodsNew Zealand white rabbits (n = 30) were randomly divided into a control (n = 8), T2DM 5-week (n = 6), T2DM 10-week (n = 9), and T2DM 15-week (n = 7) groups. The CMR protocol included rest and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stress T1-mapping imaging using the 5b(20b)3b-modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) schema to quantify stress T1 response (stress ΔT1), and first-pass perfusion CMR to quantify myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). After the CMR imaging, myocardial tissue was subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining to evaluate pathological changes, Masson trichrome staining to measure collagen volume fraction (CVF), and CD31 staining to measure microvascular density (MVD). The associations between CMR parameters and pathological findings were determined using Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsThe stress ΔT1 values were 6.21 ± 0.59%, 4.88 ± 0.49%, 3.80 ± 0.40%, and 3.06 ± 0.54% in the control, T2DM 5-week, 10-week, and 15-week groups, respectively (p < 0.001) and were progressively weakened with longer duration of T2DM. Furthermore, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the stress ΔT1 vs. CVF and MVD (r = −0.562 and 0.886, respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionThe stress T1 response correlated well with the histopathologic measures in T2DM rabbits, indicating that it may serve as a sensitive CMD-related indicator in early T2DM

Comparisons of different approaches and incisions of thyroid surgery and selection strategy

To date, the traditional open thyroid surgery via a low collar incision remains the standard approach for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. However, this conventional approach will inevitably leave patients a neck scar and even cause a variety of complications such as paresthesia, hypesthesia, and other uncomfortable sensations. With the progress in surgical techniques, especially in endoscopic surgery, and the increasing desire for cosmetic and functional outcomes, various new approaches for thyroidectomy have been developed to avoid or decrease side effects. Some of these alternative approaches have obvious advantages compared with traditional surgery and have already been widely used in the treatment of thyroid disease, but each has its limitations. This review aims to evaluate and compare the different approaches to thyroidectomy to help surgeons make the proper treatment strategy for different individuals