Assessment of disaster preparedness and related impact factors among emergency nurses in tertiary hospitals: descriptive cross-sectional study from Henan Province of China

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the current state of disaster preparedness and to determine associated factors among emergency nurses from tertiary hospitals in Henan Province of China.MethodsThis multicenter descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with emergency nurses from 48 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province of China between September 7, 2022–September 27, 2022. Data were collected through a self-designeds online questionnaire using the mainland China version of the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET-MC). Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate disaster preparedness and to determine factors affecting disaster preparedness, respectively.ResultsA total of 265 emergency nurses in this study displayed a moderate level of disaster preparedness with a mean item score of 4.24 out 6.0 on the DPET-MC questionnaire. Among the five dimensions of the DPET-MC, the mean item score for pre-disaster awareness was highest (5.17 ± 0.77), while that for disaster management (3.68 ± 1.36) was the lowest. Female gender (B = −9.638, p = 0.046) and married status (B = −8.618, p = 0.038) were negatively correlated with the levels of disaster preparedness. Five factors positively correlated with the levels of disaster preparedness included having attended in the theoretical knowledge training of disaster nursing since work (B = 8.937, p = 0.043), having experienced the disaster response (B = 8.280, p = 0.036), having participated in the disaster rescue simulation exercise (B = 8.929, p = 0.039), having participated in the disaster relief training (B = 11.515, p = 0.025), as well as having participated in the training of disaster nursing specialist nurse (B = 16.101, p = 0.002). The explanatory power of these factors was 26.5%.ConclusionEmergency nurses in Henan Province of China need more education in all areas of disaster preparedness, especially disaster management, which needs to be incorporated into nursing education, including formal and ongoing education. Besides, blended learning approach with simulation-based training and disaster nursing specialist nurse training should be considered as novel ways to improve disaster preparedness for emergency nurses in mainland China

Locally advanced rectal cancer with dMMR/MSI-H may be excused from surgery after neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy: a multiple-center, cohort study

ObjectiveExamine patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy (nIT), and compare the outcomes of those who chose a watch-and-wait (WW) approach after achieving clinical complete response (cCR) or near-cCR with those who underwent surgery and were confirmed as pathological complete response (pCR).MethodsLARC patients with dMMR/MSI-H who received nIT were retrospectively examined. The endpoints were 2-year overall survival (OS), 2-year disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM). The efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), surgery-related adverse events (srAEs), and enterostomy were also recorded.ResultsTwenty patients who received a PD-1 inhibitor as initial nIT were examined. Eighteen patients (90%) achieved complete response (CR) after a median of 7 nIT cycles, including 11 with pCR after surgery (pCR group), and 7 chose a WW strategy after evaluation as cCR or near-cCR (WW group). Both groups had median follow-up times of 25.0 months. Neither group had a case of LR or DM, and the 2-year DFS and OS in each group was 100%. The two groups had similar incidences of irAEs (P=0.627). In the pCR group, however, 2 patients (18.2%) had permanent colostomy, 3 (27.3%) had temporary ileostomy, and 2 (18.2%) had srAEs.ConclusionNeoadjuvant PD-1 blockade had high efficacy and led to a high rate of CR in LARC patients with dMMR/MSI-H. A WW strategy appears to be a safe and reliable option for these patients who achieve cCR or near-cCR after nIT

Dosimetric Analysis of Template-assisted 192Ir-source Hypofractionated Stereotactic Ablative Brachytherapy for Peripheral Lung Cancer

Objective To explore the dose of template-assisted 192Ir source hypofractionated stereotactic brachytherapy (SABT) for peripheral lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the dose parameters of GTV and OARs of 28 peripheral lung cancer patients treated with template-assisted 192Ir-source hypofractionated SABT, and compared the dose parameters between SABT with virtual SBRT. Results The Dmean and V150 for the GTV in the SABT plan were significantly higher than those in the SBRT plan (all P 0.05). Conclusion Template-assisted 192Ir source hypofractionated SABT ensures high dose in the gross tumor volume and reduces the dose in organs at risk in the treatment of peripheral lung cancer

Problems with the application of heptane and isoheptane values as light hydrocarbon parameters

The light hydrocarbon data from 772 oil samples in 25 oilfields, together with GC/MS data from 338 saturated hydrocarbon samples were used to discuss the relationship between kerogen types, using the heptane value, isoheptane value and C29 sterane 20S/(S+R) ratio. Although the heptane and isoheptane values are related to kerogen type, the correlation is different from that in Thompson's interpretation, so the correlation cannot be directly used in research on land facies oils in China. Consideration should be taken when using the heptane and isoheptane values, as secondary alteration and mixed oil sources are the main factors leading to the abnormal change in heptane and isoheptane values. The heptane and isoheptane values have a larger maturity range than that of C29 sterane 20S/(S+R). There are three types of oil samples (original immature oil, altered oil and mixed source oil with different maturity) that may fall into the “Biodegradation” area of the Thompson interpretation. For the biodegraded oil in Thompson's interpretation, the reservoir may have undergone a secondary charge. 摘要: 用采自中国国内25个油区的772个原油轻烃分析数据, 结合其中338个样品的饱和烃GC/MS分析数据, 就原油正、异庚烷值与烃源岩干酪根类型的关系以及与C29甾20S/ (20S+20R)成熟度参数的相关性, 对影响参数值发生异常变化的因素等作了研讨。研究认为, 正、异庚烷值确实与母源干酪根类型有关, 但相关关系与Thompson的图版有所差别, 研究中国陆相原油时不宜直接引用; 原油次生蚀变和混源是使原油正、异庚烷值发生异常变化的重要因素, 在用正、异庚烷值作研究时必须备加注意; 正、异庚烷值标示原油成熟度的范围大于C29甾20S/(20S+20R)所能标示的; 落入Thompson图版“Biodegraded”区域的油样可能有3类: 原生的未熟油, 已遭蚀变的原油和成熟度不同的混源油, 对于未落入该区域内的生物降解油, 认为油藏存在二次注入的可能性。图6表2参26 Key words: light hydrocarbon, heptane value, isoheptane value, maturity parameter, secondary alteration, mixed source oi

Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor Usage and Age-Related Macular Degeneration among Hypertensive Patients: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008

Purpose. To assess whether renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) utilization is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) prevalence among hypertensive patients. Methods. A US population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. 3,023 hypertensive participants aged 40 years and older with gradable retinal images and ascertained RASI usage in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2008, were finally enrolled into the study. RASI usage was obtained by interview, and AMD was determined through retinal image assessment. We performed multivariable analyses to assess the relationship between utilization of RASIs and AMD prevalence. We also took drug treatment duration into account, in order to better understand the effects of RASIs. Results. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that AMD prevalence had no significant association with RASI usage but was inversely correlated with RASI treatment duration (odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78–0.98, p=0.02). Long-term usage (>5 years) of RASIs was significantly associated with not only reduced overall risk of AMD (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.14–0.38, p<0.001) but also lower propensity to have early (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.14–0.37, p<0.001) and late (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07–0.87, p=0.03) AMD. Furthermore, long-term RASI users were less prone to develop soft drusen (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45–0.99, p=0.04) and geographic atrophy (GA) (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.22–0.71, p=0.003). Conclusions. Evidence supporting that RASI utilization could directly protect against AMD in hypertensive patients was still insufficient, but long-term RASI treatment seemed to be beneficial for both early and late AMD, implicating a promising therapeutic approach that RASIs might offer for AMD prevention and management

Additional file 1 of Global, regional, and national burdens of intraocular foreign bodies in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a trend analysis

Supplementary Material

Evaluation of the partitioned mechanical properties and the hall-petch relationship of cast aluminum alloy cylinder head

In view of the non-uniform distribution of mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy cylinder head, the mechanical properties evaluation and microstructure heterogeneity of cylinder head were studied. The results showed that the head plate position of the cylinder head has the best mechanical properties and microstructure characterization, followed by the floor plate and the thick partition plate. The mechanical properties of the floor plate position attenuate with increasing temperature. From 23°C to 300°C, the tensile strength and yield strength decrease in the same range, but the break elongation changes most obviously. The mechanical properties and microstructure characterization of cylinder head in-situ sampling satisfy the Hall-Petch relationship. If the required ultimate tensile strength is not less than 255MPa, the upper threshold of the grain size, by considering the error limit of the Hall-Petch relationship, is 603.4μm, and the upper threshold of secondary dendrite arm spacing is 69.1μm. Meanwhile, established the relationship between hardness and yield strength, the average error of the nonlinear model is 4.35%. The prediction accuracy of the nonlinear model is sufficient to meet the actual needs of the engineering

Honokiol-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: an active targeting drug delivery system for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel drug delivery system for a sustained and targeted delivery of honokiol (HK) to the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) HNE-1 cell lines, since the folate receptor (FR) is over-expressed on their surface. Emulsion solvent evaporation was used to develop the active targeting nanoparticles-loaded HK (ATNH) using copolymerpoly (ɛ-caprolactone)-poly (ethyleneglycol)-poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCEC), which was modified with folate (FA) by introducing Polythylenimine (PEI). ATNH characterization, including particle size distribution, morphology, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and drug release, was performed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to evaluate the shape and construction, respectively. MTT assay, cell uptake study and apoptosis test were assayed to detect the antitumor properties and targeting uptake by HNE-1 cells in vitro. Cell-cycle redistribution, 18 F-FDG PET/CT and immunohistochemistry were performed in vivo. The ATNH we developed were successfully synthesized and showed a suitable size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency, gradual release, and targeting uptake by the cells in vitro. Moreover, ATNH significantly inhibited tumor growth, metabolism, proliferation, micro-vessel generation, and caused cell-cycle arrest at G1 phase. Thus, these nanoparticles we developed might represent a novel formulation for HK delivery and a promising potential therapy in the treatment of cancer