Variation of cutting forces in machining of f.c.c. single crystals

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-015-1418-zIn this study, micro-machining of f.c.c. single-crystal materials was investigated based on a hybrid modelling approach combining smoothed particle hydrodynamics and continuum finite element analysis. The numerical modelling was implemented in the commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit by employing a user-defined subroutine VUMAT for a crystal plasticity formulation to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms that drive a plastic response of materials in high deformation processes. The numerical studies demonstrate that cutting force variations in different cutting directions are similar for different f.c.c. crystals even though the magnitudes of the cutting forces are different

Novelty and the bounds of unknowledge in economics

Economic development and growth are driven by the emergence of new technologies, new products and services, new institutions, new policies, and so on. Important though it is, the emergence of novelty is not well understood. Epistemological and methodological problems make it a difficult research topic. They imply a 'bound of unknowledge' (Shackle) for economic theorizing wherever novelty occurs in economic life. To make progress, this paper takes stock of the problems. The methodological consequences for causal explanations and the modelling of economics dynamics are discussed, and some possibilities for positively theorizing about novelty are outlined.novelty, epistemic bounds, abduction, causation, dynamical systems, economic change, evolution,