L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges

29 mai 19041904/05/29 (A5,N1325)

Near-Infrared Neodymium Tag for Quantifying Targeted Biomarker and Counting Its Host Circulating Tumor Cells

Quantitative information on a targeted analyte in a complex biological system is the most basic premise for understanding its involved mechanisms, and thus precise diagnosis of a disease if it is a so-called biomarker. Here, we designed and synthesized a neodymium (Nd)-cored tag [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid (DOTA)–Nd complex together with a light-harvesting antenna aminofluorescein (AMF, λ_ex/em = 494/520 nm), AMF–DOTA–Nd] with duplex signals, second near-infrared (NIR) window luminescence (λ_em = 1065 nm, 2.5 μs), and stable isotopic mass (¹⁴²Nd). AMF–DOTA–Nd covalently linked with a urea-based peptidomimetic targeting group, 2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-ureido]­pentanedioic acid (DUPA)-8-Aoc-Phe-Phe-Cys (DUPA<i>aFFC</i>) (DUPA<i>aFFC</i>–AMF–DOTA–Nd), allowing us to detect and quantify prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and its splice variants (total PSMA, <i>t</i>PSMA), which was set as an example of targeted biomarkers in this study, using NIR and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) with the limit of detection (LOD) (3σ) of 0.3 ng/mL. When it was applied to the analysis of 80 blood samples from prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients as well as healthy volunteers, we found that 320 and 600 ng/mL <i>t</i>PSMA could be recommended as the threshold values to differentiate BPH from PCa and for the diagnosis of PCa. Moreover, PSMA-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were counted using ICPMS being from 134 to 773 CTCs in the PCa blood samples of the Gleason score from 6 to 9 when the cell membrane-spanning <i>m</i>PSMA was tagged. Such a methodology developed could be expected to be applicable to other clinic-meaningful biomolecules and their host CTCs in liquid biopsy, when other specific targeting groups are modified to the NIR Nd tag

Additional file 1: of Immune adaptation to chronic intense exercise training: new microarray evidence

Overtraining questionnaire. (PDF 85 kb

The growth curves of 25(OH)D (<i>a</i>), lean mass(<i>b</i> = LM_WB & <i>c</i> = aLM), muscle size (<i>d</i> = mCSA) and muscle strength (<i>e</i> = MVC_elbow & <i>f</i> = MVC_knee).

<p>TRM = time (months) relative to menarche; LM_WB = whole body lean mass; aLM = appendicular lean mass; mCSA = muscle cross-sectional area; MVC_elbow = maximum voluntary muscle contraction of elbow flexors; MVC_knee = maximum voluntary muscle contraction of knee extensors. Grey dots and lines indicate individual values and the black solid line indicates the best fitting of growth pattern by hierarchical modelling.</p

Comparison of changes of lean mass (<i>a</i> = LM_WB & <i>b</i> = aLM), muscle cross-sectional area (<i>c</i> = mCSA) and muscle strength (<i>d</i> = MVC_elbow & <i>e</i> = MVC_knee) during the 2-year period in pre- and post-menarche girls at the 2-year follow-up time point.

<p>Estimated mean with SE (error line) controlled for age and change of body height, vitamin D intakes, level of physical activity and PTH. LM_WB = whole body lean mass; aLM = appendicular lean mass; mCSA = muscle cross-sectional area; MVC_elbow = maximum voluntary muscle contraction of elbow flexors; MVC_knee = maximum voluntary muscle contraction of knee extensors; G_HH = consistently vitamin D sufficient; and G_LL = consistently vitamin D insufficient.</p

Comparison of lean mass and muscle strength between girls whose 25-OHD levels were consistently sufficient and consistently insufficient, according the menarcheal status at 2-year follow-up controlled for VDR Apal (ANOVA; mean and SE are given, adjusted for multiple comparison by the Šidák method).

<p>_WB = whole body lean mass; aLM = appendicular lean mass; mCSA = muscle cross-sectional area; MVC_elbow = maximum strength of elbow flexors; MVC_knee = maximum strength of knee extensors. LM</p><p>_LL and G_HH. <0.05 pairwise comparisons between G</p

Large Interfacial Magnetostriction in (Co/Ni)₄/Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–PbTiO₃ Multiferroic Heterostructures

The magnetoelastic behavior of multiferroic heterostructurescoupling of magnetic anisotropy or domain dynamics to structural deformationshas been intensively studied for developing materials for energy-efficient, spin-based applications. Here, we report on a large, interface-dominated magnetostriction in (Co/Ni)₄/Pb­(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)­O₃–PbTiO₃ multiferroic heterostructures. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy under voltage-induced strains enabled estimation of the saturation magnetostriction as a function of Ni thickness. The volume and the interface components to the saturation magnetostriction are (6.6 ± 0.9) × 10^–6 and (−2.2 ± 0.2) × 10^–14 m, respectively. Similar to perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni, the large, negative magnetostriction originates from the Co/Ni interfaces. This interfacial functionality delivers an effect over 300% larger than the bulk contribution and can enable low-energy, nanoelectronic devices that combine the tunable magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Co/Ni multilayers with the ferroelectric properties of Pb­(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)­O₃–PbTiO₃

Electric-Field Induced Reversible Switching of the Magnetic Easy Axis in Co/BiFeO₃ on SrTiO₃

Electric-field (E-field) control of magnetism enabled by multiferroic materials has the potential to revolutionize the landscape of present memory devices plagued with high energy dissipation. To date, this <i>E</i>-field controlled multiferroic scheme has only been demonstrated at room temperature using BiFeO₃ films grown on DyScO₃, a unique and expensive substrate, which gives rise to a particular ferroelectric domain pattern in BiFeO₃. Here, we demonstrate reversible electric-field-induced switching of the magnetic state of the Co layer in Co/BiFeO₃ (BFO) (001) thin film heterostructures fabricated on (001) SrTiO₃ (STO) substrates. The angular dependence of the coercivity and the remanent magnetization of the Co layer indicates that its easy axis reversibly switches back and forth 45° between the (100) and the (110) crystallographic directions of STO as a result of alternating application of positive and negative voltage pulses between the patterned top Co electrode layer and the (001) SrRuO₃ (SRO) layer on which the ferroelectric BFO is epitaxially grown. The coercivity (H_C) of the Co layer exhibits a hysteretic behavior between two states as a function of voltage. A mechanism based on the intrinsic magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic BFO involving projection of antiferromagnetic G-type domains is used to explain the observation. We have also measured the exact canting angle of the G-type domain in strained BFO films for the first time using neutron diffraction. These results suggest a pathway to integrating BFO-based devices on Si wafers for implementing low power consumption and nonvolatile magnetoelectronic devices