Images under SEM and EDX traces of the scaffold with 2.5% ZnO doped after SBF incubation for 7 days.

<p>Images under SEM and EDX traces of the scaffold with 2.5% ZnO doped after SBF incubation for 7 days.</p

FT-IR spectra of the raw β-TCP powder (a) and β-TCP scaffolds with 0 wt% ZnO (b), 0.5 wt% ZnO (c), 1.5 wt% ZnO (d), 2.5 wt% ZnO (e), and 3.5 wt% ZnO (f).

<p>FT-IR spectra of the raw β-TCP powder (a) and β-TCP scaffolds with 0 wt% ZnO (b), 0.5 wt% ZnO (c), 1.5 wt% ZnO (d), 2.5 wt% ZnO (e), and 3.5 wt% ZnO (f).</p

SEM images of bone like apatite layer formation on the surface of scaffolds with 2.5% ZnO doped after SBF incubation for 7 (a, b), 14 (c, d), 21 (e, f), 28 (g, h) days.

<p>SEM images of bone like apatite layer formation on the surface of scaffolds with 2.5% ZnO doped after SBF incubation for 7 (a, b), 14 (c, d), 21 (e, f), 28 (g, h) days.</p

FT-IR spectra of the scaffold with 2.5 wt% ZnO doped after SBF incubation (a) 7 days; (b) 14 days; (c) 21 days and (d) 28 days.

<p>FT-IR spectra of the scaffold with 2.5 wt% ZnO doped after SBF incubation (a) 7 days; (b) 14 days; (c) 21 days and (d) 28 days.</p

Optical micrographs of 3D interconnected porous scaffold prepared by SLS and SEM images of the porous structure (a) top view and (b–c) side view (d) the porous structure and (e) a single pore structure.

<p>Optical micrographs of 3D interconnected porous scaffold prepared by SLS and SEM images of the porous structure (a) top view and (b–c) side view (d) the porous structure and (e) a single pore structure.</p

XRD patterns (A): 2θ from 10 to 40° and (B): 2θ from 30.9 to 31.15° of (a) the raw β-TCP powder, the scaffolds with different ratio of ZnO: (b) 0 wt%; (c) 0.5 wt%; (d) 1.5 wt%; (e) 2.5 wt% and (f) 3.5 wt%. (β-TCP, JCPDS file number 09-0169; α-TCP, JCPDS file number 09-0348; ZnO, JCPDS file number 36-1451).

<p>XRD patterns (A): 2θ from 10 to 40° and (B): 2θ from 30.9 to 31.15° of (a) the raw β-TCP powder, the scaffolds with different ratio of ZnO: (b) 0 wt%; (c) 0.5 wt%; (d) 1.5 wt%; (e) 2.5 wt% and (f) 3.5 wt%. (β-TCP, JCPDS file number 09-0169; α-TCP, JCPDS file number 09-0348; ZnO, JCPDS file number 36-1451).</p

The morphology of initial MG-63 cells visualized by light microscopy (a), the morphology of MG-63 cells cultured on the scaffolds after 5 days by SEM (b) pure TCP; (c) 0.5 wt% ZnO; (d) 1.5 wt% ZnO; (e) 2.5 wt% ZnO and (f) 3.5 wt% ZnO, the fluorescence microscope images of MG-63 cells before (g) or after (h) incubation on the scaffolds with 2.5 wt% ZnO doping.

<p>The morphology of initial MG-63 cells visualized by light microscopy (a), the morphology of MG-63 cells cultured on the scaffolds after 5 days by SEM (b) pure TCP; (c) 0.5 wt% ZnO; (d) 1.5 wt% ZnO; (e) 2.5 wt% ZnO and (f) 3.5 wt% ZnO, the fluorescence microscope images of MG-63 cells before (g) or after (h) incubation on the scaffolds with 2.5 wt% ZnO doping.</p

Weight loss assay of the scaffolds after incubation with SBF for different days.

<p>Data represents mean ± standard deviation for <i>n = </i>6, *<i>P</i><0.05 (compared to pure TCP scaffold).</p

Scaffold model designed using SolidWorks software: D = 1.2 mm; H = 11 mm; L = 18 mm.

<p>Scaffold model designed using SolidWorks software: D = 1.2 mm; H = 11 mm; L = 18 mm.</p

Summary of the properties of human bone.

<p>Summary of the properties of human bone.</p