Dual-Functional Starfish-like P‑Doped Co–Ni–S Nanosheets Supported on Nickel Foams with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance and Excellent Stability for Overall Water Splitting

Dual-functional electrocatalysts have recently been reported to improve the conversion and storage of energy generated from overall water splitting in alkaline electrolytes. Herein, for the first time, a shape-controlled synthesis of starfish-like Co–Ni–S nanosheets on three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous nickel foams (Co–Ni–S/NF) via a one-step hydrothermal method was developed. The influence of reaction time on the nanosheet structure and properties was intensively studied. After 11 h reaction, the Co–Ni–S/NF-11 sample displays the most regular structure of nanosheets and the most outstanding electrochemical properties. As to water splitting, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) required overpotentials of 284.3 and 296 mV, respectively, to provide a current density of 100 mA cm^–2. The marvelous electrochemical performance can be attributed to the conductive networks of 3D layered porous nickel skeletons that are highly interconnected, which provided a large specific area and highly active sites. To further enhance the electrochemical performances of the electrocatalyst, the influence of the doping of the P element was also studied. The results proved that the P-doped Co–Ni–S/NF maintains the starfish structure and demonstrates outstanding properties, providing a current density of 100 mA cm^–2 with only 187.4 and 292.2 mV overpotentials for HER and OER, respectively. It exhibited far more excellent properties than reported dual-functional electrocatalysts. Additionally, when used as an overall water-splitting catalyst, P–Co–Ni–S/NF can provide a 10 mA cm^–2 current density at a given cell voltage of 1.60 V in 1 M KOH, which is competitive to the best-known electrocatalysts, with high long-term stability

The group-averaged transfer function analysis for the subjects in three categories (control, moderate, and severe) is plotted.

<p>The coherence (H-I) between 0.06-0.12 Hz exceeds 0.5 for all conditions, indicating TFA is valid to describe the recorded hemodynamics as linear systems. Control: A) High-pass gains were obtained for both MCA (dark line) and PCA (gray line). D) Large positive phase difference between blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure in 0.06-0.12 Hz was observed for both MCA and PCA. Moderate: B) The gains are increased in MCA and PCA when comparing with the controls, implying the amplitudes of blood flow velocity follow ABP more passively than the controls. E) The phase in MCA and PCA is reduced. Severe: C) The gains of MCA and PCA move separately. In particular, the gain of PCA becomes flat and low, whereas the gain of MCA is increased. F) Positive phase in MCA is still preserved. However, it is close to zero in PCA, suggesting CA is severely impaired.</p

Additional file 1 of Fully automated measurement on coronal alignment of lower limbs using deep convolutional neural networks on radiographic images

Additional file 1: Table S1. PCK of DCNN system with threshold of 2.5 mm. Table S2. PCK of DCNN system with threshold of 2 mm. Table S3. PCK of DCNN system with threshold of 1.5 mm. Table S4. PCK of DCNN system with threshold of 1 mm. Table S5. Results of parameter calculation of preoperative lower limbs in the test set. Table S6. Results of parameter calculation of TKA lower limbs in the test set. Fig S1. The measurement differences between AI predictions and ground truth in a patient with genu varum of the left knee. The figure shows the differences between AI predictions and ground truth for left lateral femoral condyle, medial femoral condyle, fossa intercondyle, lateral tibial condyle, medial tibial condyle and eminentia intercondyle in this patient. Red dot: ground truth; Blue dot: DCNN system

Statistical analysis (ANVOA) of phase shifts and gains in MCA and PCA.

<p>For MCA, gains are elevated and phase shifts are reduced when BA stenosis is either moderate or severe. However, these changes are not statistically significant. For PCA, it shows that the reduction of phase shift is proportional to the occlusion, whereas the gain for PCA is increased significantly for moderate stenosis and decreased for severe stenosis in BA.</p

An example of the recorded time series of the finger ABP as well as BFV in MCA (upper plot) and PCA (middle plot) during the paced breathing at 6 cpm.

<p>It is evident that the beat-to-beat changes (thick dark line) of these signals are oscillating at the same pace (approximately 0.06-0.12 Hz), which is the frequency of interest for assessing cerebral autoregulation.</p

ERα mediates the estrogen induced Paclitaxel resistance of PC3 cells.

<p>(A-D) LNCaP and PC3 cells were treated with or without E2 (100 nM) for 96h, Paclitaxel (Pa 50 nM) for 24h. (A and B) Representative and quantification (A right) of mRNA expression levels of <i>erα</i> and <i>erβ</i>. Total mRNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed with primers specific to <i>erα</i>, <i>erβ</i> and <i>β-actin</i>. (C and D) Representative and quantification (C right) of protein expression levels of ERα and ERβ. Total protein was extracted and analyzed by Western blot with antibodies specific to ERα, ERβ and Tubulin. (E) Efficacy and specificity of sierα and sierβ knockdown. PC3 cells were treated with (right) or without (left) 100 nM of E2 for 96h, then transfected with the indicated siRNAs or negative control siRNA (NC). After 24h, expression of ERα or ERβ was monitored using Western blotting. (F) PC3 cells were treated with 100nM of E2 for 96h, then transfected with the indicated siRNAs or NC siRNA respectively. Twenty four hours post-transfection, Paclitaxel was added to the media at the indicated concentrations for 24h and the level of cell death was quantified as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083519#pone-0083519-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. (G) LNCaP cells were treated with 100 nM of E2 for 96h, then transfected with vector or ERα expression plasmids. Twenty four hours post-transfection, 50 nM of Paclitaxel was added to the media for 24h and the level of cell death was quantified (left) as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083519#pone-0083519-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> and then the expression of ERα was monitored using Western blotting (right). The values represent the mean ± S.E. of at least three independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05, ** denotes p<0.01, and *** denotes p<0.001.</p

Estrogen activates ERα, suppressing PC3 cell proliferation and mediating its Paclitaxel resistance.

<p>E2 was added to the media of (A) LNCaP cells or (B) PC3 cells at the indicated concentrations for 96h, and cell proliferation was quantified. (C) PC3 cells were transfected with the indicated siRNAs or NC siRNA. 24h after transfection, 100 nM E2 was added to the media for 96h as indicated, and cell proliferation was quantified. The values represent the mean ± S.E. of at least three independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05; ** denotes p<0.01; *** denotes p<0.001.</p

E2 promotes PHB mitochondrial-nuclear translocation, thus inhibiting cell proliferation.

<p>(A) E2 was added to the media of LNCaP or PC3 cells at the indicated concentrations for 96h. Total cell protein was extracted and analyzed by Western blot using antibodies specific to PHB and Tubulin. (B) Efficacy and specificity of PHB siRNA is shown. PC3 cells were transfected with PHB siRNA or NC RNA. Twenty four hours post-transfection, 100 nM of E2 was added to the media for 96h and the expression of PHB was analyzed by Western blot. (C) PC3 cells were treated as in B, and the levels of cell proliferation were quantified. (D) 100 nM of E2 was added to the media for 96h, followed by transfection of PC3 cells with PHB siRNA or NC RNA. Twenty four hours post-transfection, Paclitaxel was added to the media at the indicated concentrations for 24h, and the level of cell death was quantified as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083519#pone-0083519-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. (E) 100 nM of E2 was added to the media for 96h, and then LNCaP cells were transfected with either vector or PHB expression plasmids. Twenty four hours post-transfection, 50 nM of Paclitaxel was added to the media for 24h and the level of cell death was quantified as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0083519#pone-0083519-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. (F) E2 promoted PHB mitochondrial-nucleus translocation. 100 nM of E2 was added to the media for 96h, then PC3 or LNCaP cell mitochondria (M) and nuclei (N) were separated and analyzed by Western blot using PHB, Histone H1 (nucleus marker), VDAC (mitochondrial marker) and Tubulin (cytoplasm marker) antibodies. T (total cell lysates). Results are representative of three independent experiments. The values represent the mean ± S.E. of at least three independent experiments. * denotes p<0.05; ** denotes p<0.01; *** denotes p<0.001.</p

Controlled Electrodeposition Synthesis of Co–Ni–P Film as a Flexible and Inexpensive Electrode for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Synthesis of highly efficient and robust catalysts with earth-abundant resources for overall water splitting is essential for large-scale energy conversion processes. Herein, a series of highly active and inexpensive Co–Ni–P films were fabricated by a one-step constant current density electrodeposition method. These films were demonstrated to be efficient bifunctional catalysts for both H₂ and O₂ evolution reactions (HER and OER), while deposition time was deemed to be the crucial factor governing electrochemical performance. At the optimal deposition time, the obtained Co–Ni–P-2 catalyst performed remarkably for both HER and OER in alkaline media. In particular, it requires −103 mV overpotential for HER and 340 mV for OER to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm^–2, with corresponding Tafel slopes of 33 and 67 mV dec^–1. Moreover, it outperforms the Pt/C//RuO₂ catalyst and only needs −160 mV (430 mV) overpotential for HER (OER) to achieve 200 mA cm^–2 current density. Co–Ni–P electrodes were also conducted for the proof-of-concept exercise, which were proved to be flexible, stable, and efficient, further opening a new avenue for rapid synthesis of efficient, flexible catalysts for renewable energy resources

Controlled Electrodeposition Synthesis of Co–Ni–P Film as a Flexible and Inexpensive Electrode for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Synthesis of highly efficient and robust catalysts with earth-abundant resources for overall water splitting is essential for large-scale energy conversion processes. Herein, a series of highly active and inexpensive Co–Ni–P films were fabricated by a one-step constant current density electrodeposition method. These films were demonstrated to be efficient bifunctional catalysts for both H₂ and O₂ evolution reactions (HER and OER), while deposition time was deemed to be the crucial factor governing electrochemical performance. At the optimal deposition time, the obtained Co–Ni–P-2 catalyst performed remarkably for both HER and OER in alkaline media. In particular, it requires −103 mV overpotential for HER and 340 mV for OER to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm^–2, with corresponding Tafel slopes of 33 and 67 mV dec^–1. Moreover, it outperforms the Pt/C//RuO₂ catalyst and only needs −160 mV (430 mV) overpotential for HER (OER) to achieve 200 mA cm^–2 current density. Co–Ni–P electrodes were also conducted for the proof-of-concept exercise, which were proved to be flexible, stable, and efficient, further opening a new avenue for rapid synthesis of efficient, flexible catalysts for renewable energy resources