Comment on: The Effect of Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injections and Payer Coverage on Total Knee Arthroplasty Procedures: Evidence From Large US Claims Database

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Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

An association between knee osteoarthritis (OA) and sarcopenia has been proposed, but the evidence is controversial, with the recent literature showing disparate results. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in knee OA patients compared to people not affected by this condition. We searched several databases until 22 February 2022. The data regarding prevalence were summarized using odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among the 504 papers initially screened, 4 were included for a total of 7495 participants with a mean age of 68.4 years, who were mainly females (72.4%). The prevalence of sarcopenia in people with knee OA was 45.2%, whilst, in the controls, it was 31.2%. Pooling the data of the studies included that the prevalence of sarcopenia in knee OA was more than two times higher than in the control group (OR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.43–3.00; I2 = 85%). This outcome did not suffer any publication bias. However, after removing an outlier study, the recalculated OR was 1.88. In conclusion, the presence of sarcopenia in knee OA patients was high, affecting one person in every two persons and was higher than in the control groups included

Electromyographic analysis of core training exercises performed with stable and unstable surfaces in people with Adoloscent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS).

Purpose: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is one of the most common spinal disease during growth. Although the role of physical exercise has been previously demonstrated in AIS treatment, a debate still exists about the most efficient exercise setting to approach this problem. Recently, several studies demonstrated that self-correction, core training, instability and balance training exercises decrease Cobb angle and improve AIS. Since trunk muscle activity evidences differences between convex and concave side of the spine, asymmetric exercises seem to obtain better result in improving muscular balance. The aim of this study is to investigate paraspinal muscles activity during core training and balance exercises performed in stable (MAT) and unstable condition (BOSU) in people with AIS. Methods: Five people (2 M and 3 F; age range: 11-15 years) with clinical diagnosis of AIS were recruited in a physiotherapy centre. Muscle activity (EMG) has been recorded with surface electromiography (BTS Free EMG) during 2 balance training and 3 core training exercises using MAT and BOSU. Electrodes were placed bilaterally in T5 (T: Trapezius Ascendens), T10 (ES: Erector Spinae) and L5 (M: Multifidus) area. Balance exercises were 1 leg standing balance with right (MBR) and left (MBL) foot. Core training exercises were Prone Plank (PP), Side Plank on right side (SPR) and left side (SPL). All exercises were performed in static condition using MAT and then BOSU. Data were recorded and analyzed in order to describe EMG differences between MAT and BOSU for left (L) and right (R) side of the body (reference condition: MAT). Results: Global EMG during BOSU exercises showed greater activity compared to MAT for MBR, MBL, PP and SPR (respectively, 213,55%, 230,67%, 107,5 and 120,5%), while SPL evidenced lower values (88%). Higher differences between R and L have been found during BOSU MBL and MBR for M, T and ES muscles related to spine curvature and body perturbation, while PP, SPR and SPL showed differences specially in T muscle using BOSU. Conclusion: Balance and core exercises using unstable surface (BOSU) increase muscle activity in people with AIS. Since 1 leg standing balance requires stability and neuromuscular control, MBR and MBL exercises could enhance asymmetric EMG of paraspinal muscles in order to oppose against trunk sway and perturbation. Consequently, BOSU can be a useful tool for specific training in scoliotic people. References: Czaprowsky D, Afeltowicz A, Gebicka A, Pawiowska P, Kedra A, Barrios C, Hadala M (2014), Abdominal muscle EMG-activity during bridge exercise on stable and unstable surfaces, Physical Therapy in Sport, 15(3): 162-168 Farahpour N, Ghasmi S, Allard P, Sadegh Saba M (2014), Electromyographic responses of erector spinae and lower limb’s muscles to dynamic postural perturbations in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 24(5): 645-65

Hydroxyapatite-coated screws prevent lag screw cut-out in trochanteric fractures fixed with DHS: a prospective randomised study

\uf9Dynamic Hip Screw is wide3ly used to treat trochanteric fractures, althrought significant failure rates have been reported due to lag screw cut-out. This study was designed to compare tratment with DHS fixed with either standard or hydroxyapatite coated lag in cortical screw in elderly osteoporotic throcanteric fracture patient

Cast vs external fixation: a comparative study in elderly osteoporotic distal radial fracture patients.

This study compared fracture treatment with plaster cast vs external fixation. METHODS: Forty elderly female osteoporotic wrist fracture patients were randomized to be treated with either plaster cast (Group A) or external fixation (Group B). Bone mineral density less than -2.5 T-score was among the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: In Group A, four redisplacements occurred, whereas in Group B there were none (p = 0.005). Horesh score was higher in Group B (p < 0.006) than in Group A. Volar angle deformity (p < 0.0005) and radial angle deformity (p = 0.008) were lower in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that external fixation improves stability in elderly osteoporotic wrist fracture patients