TRADE AND THREAT ON ORNITHOPTERA CROESUS (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE), THE WALLACE’S BIRDWING BUTTERFLY IN NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA

Ornithoptera croesus, Wallace’s Golden Birdwing butterfly, is one of the most highly-demanded butterflies in the world. Annual trades of this endemic species have been monitored and mechanisms to control the trades have been developed to ensure the sustainability of the species. This paper aims to address and clarify the issues on the trade and threat to the species.  The methodology involves the probe into the CITES Trade Database, into the threat to the species based on observation during field surveys, and into the possible solution. The results showed that there were some discrepancies in the data provided by the exporter and importer of the species and that the threats to the species are real. An approach to improve the condition is discussed. The solution to meet the demand for this species is offered through captive breeding and ranching for sustainable use

The Conservative Challenge to Caring for Compensated Caregivers

As more households seek home care workers to provide care for elderly and disabled family members, conservative attacks on workers’ unionization efforts threaten to destabilize the industry. This article discusses the supply and demand concerns within the industry, and considers the conservative attack on home care workers. It concludes by exploring the proposed federal domestic workers bill of rights and recommends proactive measures for states to help fortify the industry

SYSTEMATICS OF VAGRANTINI BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALlDAE). PART 2. DISCUSSION ON CLADES AND CHARACTER DISTRIBUTIONS

Cladistic IIl1alysis oj the t n do-Austrutian heliconiine butterflies showed that they belong to the Heliconiinae. Tile name Yagrantini was suggested by Pcnz and Peggie (2003) to include Vindula, Smerina, Vagrans, Phalanta, Cupha, Terinos. Lachnoptera, Algia, Algiachroa, and Cirrochroa. Vindula isShOWlllISsister grollp to the rest oj the gellem, and Terinos [orins a sister-group relationship with Lachnoptera and the Cirrochroa group-oj-genera. The /Ilollophyly oj the Cupha group-oj-genera and the Cirrochroa group-oj-genera lire supported

Welfare, Child Care, and the People Who Care: Union Representation of Family Child Care Providers

This is the published version

Teachers\u27 Experiences with Literacy Coaching: Instructional Spaces to Teach Third and Fourth Grade Reading Comprehension

The purpose of the study was to understand teachers’ knowledge and experiences associated with teachers’ sense-making of their literacy coaching experiences. The researcher used qualitative research methods in the form of interview data and classroom observations to examine teachers’ sense-making experiences informed through sociocultural theories. The researcher collected data from 5 teacher participants, mostly African Americans, who taught students who were also predominantly African American. Teachers’ years of teaching experience ranged from 9 years to 40 years. The study found that literacy coaching may improve teachers’ abilities to scaffold students’ cognitive reasoning. The study suggested that more, in-depth learning of subject-matter content, an understanding of students’ instructional tasks, and an increase of duration in literacy coaching may be required before teachers can implement literacy instruction above literal comprehension. In contrast, the findingssuggested that additional efforts in literacy coaching may be required to improve teachers’ scaffolding of students’ background knowledge.The findings revealed that few teachers may understand the influences of students’ cultural backgrounds upon students’ learning. The present study implied that additional and closer examination of how teachers scaffold cultural background knowledge during reading instruction may provide insight related to the role of knowledge about teachers’ metacognition while engaged in literacy coaching. Moreover, the results of the present study suggested that literacy coaching may promote teacher and student learning over extended periods of time. The study found that 4thgrade students showed small achievement gains among individual students moving from 3rd grade to 4thgrade during the year of the intervention. Finding of small gains occurring during the year that the intervention was provided may suggest an expectant growth projection over time. Nonetheless, the present study did not find that literacy coaching conclusively impacted gains in literacy achievement

SYSTEMATICS OF VAGRANTINI BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHAlIDAE). PART 1. CLADISTIC ANALYSIS

Eiglit genera of lndo-Australian butterjiies: Algia. Algiachroa, Cirrochroa, Cupha, Phalanta, Terinos, Vagrans, and Vindula are presented here. These genera together with two Afrotropical genera: Lachnoptera and Smerina, and a Central American genlls Euptoieta were previollsly placed as subiribe uncertain.One-hundred adult morphological characters were scored for fifty-four taxa, and were analyzed simultaneousuj (Nixon and Carpenter, 1993). The cladistic analysis showed that all species were properly assigned to monophyletic genera, and the arrangement of the outgroup taxa is in concordance with the classification previously suggested. The eight lndo-Australian and two Afrotropical genera belong to the tribeVagrantini within the subfamily Heliconiinae.Key words: Heliconiines, Vagrantini, Indo-Australian, butterflie

Parental-Status Employment Discrimination: A Wrong in Need of a Right?

This Article evaluates strategies to challenge employment discrimination based on parental status. Specifically, it examines proposals put forth by some commentators to establish parental status as a protected class. While such a suggestion is attractive, the Article argues that it ultimately offers few practical advantages and remains wedded to a limited conception of equality, requiring only that employment decisions not reflect differences based on parenthood. Consequently, such a strategy would satisfy anti-discrimination legislation so long as both men and women with parental obligations are equally ill-treated. The Article concludes that a shift in perspective from gender to parental status will not foster meaningful change in the situation of working parents without a parallel shift in legal strategies to resolve work-family conflicts. The model must change from one of formal equality to one that requires the workplace to accommodate the parenting obligations of workers