23 research outputs found
APPLICATION OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR ENDPOINT DETERMINATION OF BLENDING AND INFLUENCE OF LOADING ORDER
Objective: This study aimed to apply near-infrared spectroscopy along with a thief as a tool to determine the endpoint of the blending process.
Methods: The calibration model was constructed by partial least square regression. The best model was applied to determine the endpoint of the blending process, also the effect of loading order on the endpoint for the blending of the formulation containing a low concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Results: The best partial least square regression model yielded the lowest root mean square error of calibration of 1.4004, the lowest root mean square error of prediction of 1.4108 and the highest correlation coefficient of 0.9921. Validation study revealed the reference values were not statistically different from those of the predicted values. The model could predict the endpoint of the blending process with acceptable precision and accuracy. Standard deviation of the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients was âĪ 3% of the target after eighteen minutes of the blending process, which indicated the uniformity of powder blends. Additionally, the model revealed the order of powder loading slightly affected the blending time. The protocol that loaded the active pharmaceutical ingredient first or last needed a longer time to achieve the uniformity of blend.
Conclusion: NIR spectroscopy is the rapid and effective tools that could be applied to study the blending process in the pharmaceutical manufacturing
The measures to improve the manufacturing process by using the lean concept for hard disk drive industry
In this paper, the lean manufacturing method using value stream mapping was adopted to investigate and analyst the value of activities throughout production processes in order to eliminate the production wastes. While the simulation technique was used to support decision for proposing measures to increase a firm productivity in the case study, a hard disk drive component manufacturer. The results shown that the purposed method could reduce production cycle time (takt time) from 21.18 to 19.89 s., workforces from 10 to 8, work-in-process about 60% and eliminate production bottleneck. That led to more efficiency (12.19% increase) in production line balancing, indicating more effective production lines. Furthermore, improvement of production process continued progressively in the step of adhesive dispensing and the one of drying the glue by UV light. It led to ability to control the amount of glue dispensing more effectively, increasing quantity of work (33%) (from one syringe of glue) from 3,078 into 4,104 pieces of work per syringe, and reducing cost of glue (25%)
A Comparative of Mathematical Model for Solving the Optimal Lane Depth with the Infinite and the Finite Production Rate Model: A Case Study of the ABC Warehouse
āļāđāļāļāļļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļ·āļāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļāļļāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāđāļĨāļāļīāļŠāļāļīāļāļŠāđ āđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļ·āļāļ§āđāļēāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē āļāļķāđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļąāđāļ§āđāļāļāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļąāđāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļāļķāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļī āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļīāļĒāļĄ āļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļ·āļāļŦāļĒāđāļāļļ āļŠāļđāļāļāđāļāļāļļāļāļāđāļģ āđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĄāļļāļāđāļ§āļĩāļĒāļāļŠāļđāļ āđāļĄāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļ°āđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāđāļāļĨāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļĄāļēāļ āļāļģāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļĢāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļģ āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāđāļāļāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļāļ·āļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļŦāļē āļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļĢāļāđāļāļēāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļ āļēāļĒāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļāļąāļāļĒāļąāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāđāļāđāļēāļāļĄāļē āļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļāļķāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē āđāļāđāđāļāđ āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāļģāļāļąāļ āļāļ·āļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ P = â āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļāļģāļāļąāļ āļāļ·āļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ P â â āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāđāļāļāļ°āļāļģāđāļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāđāļāļĨāđāļēāđāļāļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĒāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāđāļāļĨāđāļēāļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĒāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĨāļķāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāļģāļāļąāļWarehouse management costs are the major cost in the logistics system. The main activity in the warehouse is storage, which comes with different storage systems ranging from block stacking to automated storage. This study are concentrated on block stacking system, because of its widespread use, high flexibility, low cost and suitability for high inventory turnover. However, it causes potential loss of storage space within the warehouse that affects the facility's space utilization. Designing a block stacking system by determining the optimal lane depth is one way to solve the problem. However, studies on determining the optimal lane depth under the finite production rate constraint has not been carried out so far. This research applied two mathematical models to compute the optimal lane depth, the infinite model (P = â) does not consider the production rate but the finite model (P â â) does in order to compare the average waste of storage space. It has been found that the finite model gives less average waste of storage space than its counterpart
An Application of Genetic Algorithm to Determine Storage Method for Materials in AS/RS a Case Study of an ABC Automated Warehouse
āļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļāļķāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļī (Automated Storage/Retrieval System; AS/RS) āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļīāļāļģāđāļāđāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļąāļ āļāļąāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē āļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļļāļāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē āļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāļāļķāļāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļ (S/R Machine) āļāļąāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļđāđāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē āļāđāļāļāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāļ§āļąāļŠāļāļļāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāļŠāļđāļāļŠāļļāļ āļāļēāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāđāļāļĄāļąāļāļīāļāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļĄāļĩāļāđāļ§āļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļđāļāļĢāļąāļāđāļāđāļē-āļāļāļāđāļāļāđāļ§āļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļēāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāđāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļģāļŠāļąāđāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§ (Single Command) āļāļīāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° 52.20 āļāļķāđāļāļāđāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāđāļāļĨāđāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļ S/R Machine āļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļĒāļĄāļļāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļāļ S/R Machine āļāļđāđāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļāļģāļŠāļąāđāļāļāļđāđ (Dual Command) āļāļ·āļ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāđ S/R Machine āļāļąāđāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļģāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļąāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ 1 āļĢāļāļāļāļģāļŠāļąāđāļ āđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāđāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ (Genetics Algorithms; GA) āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļģāđāļŦāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļāļīāļāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđ (Math Model) āļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļĨāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāđāļ āļāļĨāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļŦāļāđ āļāļāļ§āđāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļ§āļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŦāļēāļāļģāļāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļ§āđāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāļģāļāļāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĨāđāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ (Near Optimum)This article discusses about the features of Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems. There are several ways to define automated storage and retrieval methods such as improving warehouse sizes, improving consolidated goods receipt patterns and improving the movement of the Storage/Retrieval machine (S/R machine). The warehouse operator must consider the determination of how materials are stored and retrieved for maximum efficiency. According to a case study of an automated warehouse, the time when goods in the system were in and out during the overlapping period as a single command accounted for 52.20%, causing operational waste of the S/R machine. This research study aims to define warehouse storage and retrieval methods with a focus on reducing the operating time of the S/R machine. We apply a dual command method in which the S/R machine can work for both storage and retrieval operations in just one cycle. We applied Genetics Algorithms (GA) to determine storage location and retrieval compared with the math model, through experiments with small, medium and large warehouses problems. It was found that the proposed method took less time to obtain the near optimum solution
The Application of Cellular Manufacturing in Hard Disk Drive Industry
AbstractCellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is used widely in multiple-product industries because CMS is the management of cells for flexibility of production system. Processes or machines are arranged in similar groups, and products are categorized in appropriate production groups. This study used CMS to apply to the hard disk drives industry. The goal is to increase productivity but decrease work flow distance by utilizing the management algorithm of cells. The group of cells yielded from this algorithm will be used in CMS, and the measure of performance for the groups of cells management are grouping efficacy, inter-cell production flow, and work flow distance. The systems of before and after applying CMS are simulated in order to investigate the change in production. There are two significant results obtained from this study. Four out of six product types improved in production: 2.29%, 16.22%, 3.39%, and 4.16%. In addition, the work flow distance of six product types decreased: 46.80%, 41.41%, 45.95%, 7.63%, 2.66%, and 13.61%
āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĢāđāļāļāļĢāđ āļāļĢāļāļĩāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āđāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāļĒāļēāļāļĒāļāļāđ ABC An Efficiency Improvement of the Rotor Assembly Line: A Case Study ABC Automotive Parts Factory
āļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļāļāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĢāđāļāļāļĢāđ āđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļŦāļĒāļļāļāļāļģāļāļēāļ (Machinery Downtime) āļāļķāđāļāļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāđāļŦāļāļļāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļĄāļēāļāļēāļ āļāļąāđāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļīāđāļĄāļāđāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ§āļāļŠāļāļ (Startup work & inspection) āļāļĩāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļķāđāļāļāļļāļāļ§āļąāļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāđāļāļāļģāđāļŦāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāđāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĄāļ·āļāļāļļāļāļ āļēāļ 7 āļāļāļīāļ (7 QC Tools) āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļŠāļĄāļāļļāļĨāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļ (Line Balancing) āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļāļāļēāļ (Plant Layout) āļĄāļēāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļ āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļļāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļģāđāļŠāļāļāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļŦāļĒāļļāļāļāļģāļāļēāļ āļĨāļāļāļēāļ 24.14 āļāļēāļāļĩ āđāļŦāļĨāļ·āļ 10.76 āļāļēāļāļĩ āļāļīāļāđāļāđāļ 55.43% āļŠāđāļāļāļĨāđāļŦāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļāđāļāđ 10,512 āļāļīāđāļāļāđāļāļāļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļāļāļāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļīāđāļĄāļāđāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ§āļāļŠāļāļ āđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļ 41.53% āđāļāđāļ 63.62% āļŠāđāļāļāļĨāđāļŦāđāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢ (Machine utilization) āđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒ 75.62% āđāļāđāļ 80.13%The objective of this research is to increase the efficiency of the rotor assembly line by reducing machinery downtime. This is mainly due to procedures for startup and inspection that occur every day together with inappropriate working positions by applying 7 QC tools, production line balancing, and plant layout to analyze and improve the production process. From the implementation of the proposed method, it was found that the machine downtime can be reduced from 24.14 minutes to 10.76 minutes, equivalent to 55.43%, resulting in an increase in the production of 10,512 pieces per year. Moreover, the efficiency of the startup work and inspections process, increased from 41.53% to 63.62%, resulting in the machine utilization rate increasing from an average of 75.62% to 80.13%
An improvement of agricultural equipment manufacturing by using lean techniques : A case study of agricultural machinery company
The objective of this research was to study and improve the manufacturing process of agricultural equipment to reduce wastes by using the LEAN tools: a case study of agricultural machinery company. This study found that the main wastes were inefficiency of transportation and working process. The Systematic Layout Planning Pattern (SLP) had been applied. Moreover, the principles of ECRS, the change in input factors (a number of employees), together with simulation and the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) were also used to determine the appropriate plant layout alternatives by considering the factors such as the productivity, materials handling distance, facilities utilization, and space utilization. The result shared that the best suitable layout is the layout No. 1. Then more improvement the layout No. 1 with the ECRS and the change of input factors (the amount of employees) ,it was found that increased productivity by 16.10%, increased facilities utilization by 15.73% and decreased materials handling distance by 48.12%. Furthermore, the number of employees and the average time of workpiece in system could be reduced from 7 to 6 persons, and 54.41 minutes to 45.65 minutes respectively
Complete Cocrystal Formation during Resonant Acoustic Wet Granulation: Effect of Granulation Liquids
The manufacturing of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms composed of cocrystals requires numerous processes during which there is risk of dissociation into parent molecules. Resonant acoustic wet granulation (RAG) was devised in an effort to complete theophylline–citric acid (THPCIT) cocrystal formation during the granulation process, thereby reducing the number of operations. In addition, the influence of granulation liquid was investigated. A mixture of anhydrous THP (drug), anhydrous CIT (coformer), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (granulating agent) was processed by RAG with water or ethanol as a granulation liquid. The purposes were to (i) form granules using RAG as a breakthrough method; (ii) accomplish the cocrystallization during the integrated unit operation; and (iii) characterize the final solid product (i.e., tablet). The RAG procedure achieved complete cocrystal formation (>99%) and adequately sized granules (d50: >250 μm). The granulation using water (GW) facilitated formation of cocrystal hydrate which were then transformed into anhydrous cocrystal after drying, while the granulation using ethanol (GE) resulted in the formation of anhydrous cocrystal before and after drying. The dissolution of the highly dense GW tablet, which was compressed from granules including fine powder due to the dehydration, was slower than that of the GE tablet