Gaseous Galaxy Halos

Galactic halo gas traces inflowing star formation fuel and feedback from a galaxy's disk and is therefore crucial to our understanding of galaxy evolution. In this review, we summarize the multi-wavelength observational properties and origin models of Galactic and low redshift spiral galaxy halo gas. Galactic halos contain multiphase gas flows that are dominated in mass by the ionized component and extend to large radii. The densest, coldest halo gas observed in neutral hydrogen (HI) is generally closest to the disk (< 20 kpc), and absorption line results indicate warm and warm-hot diffuse halo gas is present throughout a galaxy's halo. The hot halo gas detected is not a significant fraction of a galaxy's baryons. The disk-halo interface is where the multiphase flows are integrated into the star forming disk, and there is evidence for both feedback and fueling at this interface from the temperature and kinematic gradient of the gas and HI structures. The origin and fate of halo gas is considered in the context of cosmological and idealized local simulations. Accretion along cosmic filaments occurs in both a hot (> 10^5.5 K) and cold mode in simulations, with the compressed material close to the disk the coldest and densest, in agreement with observations. There is evidence in halo gas observations for radiative and mechanical feedback mechanisms, including escaping photons from the disk, supernova-driven winds, and a galactic fountain. Satellite accretion also leaves behind abundant halo gas. This satellite gas interacts with the existing halo medium, and much of this gas will become part of the diffuse halo before it can reach the disk. The accretion rate from cold and warm halo gas is generally below a galaxy disk's star formation rate, but gas at the disk-halo interface and stellar feedback may be important additional fuel sources.Comment: 50 pages, 9 figures (1 in 3D, view with a current version of Adobe), to appear in ARA&A, 50, 49

The essential elements for a nursing home according to stakeholders from healthcare and technology:perspectives from multiple simultaneous monodisciplinary workshops

Technology and architectural solutions are needed as a means of support in future nursing homes. This study investigated how various monodisciplinary groups of stakeholders from healthcare and technology envision the nursing home of the future and which elements are necessary for its creation. Moreover, differences in needs and interests between the various stakeholders were considered. This qualitative study gathered data via 10 simultaneous sticky note brainstorm sessions with 95 professional stakeholders, which resulted in 1459 quotes in five categories that were clustered into themes and processed into word clouds. The stakeholders prioritized the needs of the resident and placed the most importance on the fact that a nursing home is primarily a place to live in the final stages of one's life. A mix of factors related to the quality of care and the quality of the built environment and technology is needed. Given the fact that there are differences in what monodisciplinary groups of stakeholders see as an ideal nursing home, multidisciplinary approaches should be pursued in practice to incorporate as many new views and stakeholder needs as possible.</p

The Accretion of Fuel at the Disk-Halo Interface

We discuss the support for the cooling of gas directly at the disk-halo interface as a mechanism to continually fuel a galaxy. This may be an important reservoir as there is not enough cold gas observed in galaxy halos and simulations indicate the existing cold clouds will be rapidly destroyed as they move through the surrounding halo medium. We show possible evidence for a net infall of the WIM layer in the Milky Way, simulation results showing the recooling of warm clouds at the disk-halo interface, and GALFA HI data of small, cold HI clouds that could represent this recooling

Effects of home-based training with telemonitoring guidance in low to moderate risk patients entering cardiac rehabilitation: short-term results of the FIT@Home study

Analysis and support of clinical decision makin

Effects of home-based training with telemonitoring guidance in low to moderate risk patients entering cardiac rehabilitation

Analysis and support of clinical decision makin

Diagnosis, management and impact of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A patient survey in four European countries

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess patient perspectives and experiences of the impact of neuropathic pain, painful diabetic neuropathy (pDPN) diagnosis and treatment, and the patient-healthcare professional (HCP) relationship.Methods: We conducted a quantitative online survey in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK among adults with diabetes who responded "yes" to at least four of ten questions of in the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire.Results: Of 3626 respondents, 576 met the eligibility criteria. Daily pain was rated as moderate or severe by 79 % of respondents. Most participants reported a negative impact of their pain on sleep (74 %), mood (71 %), exercise (69 %), concentration (64 %) and daily activities (62 %), and 75 % of those in employment had missed work because of their pain in the past year. Overall, 22 % of respondents avoided discussing pain with their HCP, 50 % had not received formal pDPN diagnosis, and 56 % had not used prescribed pain medications. Although two-thirds (67 %) of respondents reported feeling satisfied or very satisfied with treatment, 82 % of these patients still experienced daily moderate or severe pain.Conclusions: Neuropathic pain in people with diabetes affects daily life and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in clinical practice

Chemical Modification Patterns Compatible with High Potency Dicer-Substrate Small Interfering RNAs

Dicer-substrate small interfering RNAs (DsiRNAs) are synthetic RNA duplexes that are processed by Dicer into 21-mer species and show improved potency as triggers of RNA interference, particularly when used at low dose. Chemical modification patterns that are compatible with high potency 21-mer small interfering RNAs have been reported by several groups. However, modification patterns have not been studied for Dicer-substrate duplexes. We therefore synthesized a series of chemically modified 27-mer DsiRNAs and correlated modification patterns with functional potency. Some modification patterns profoundly reduced function although other patterns maintained high potency. Effects of sequence context were observed, where the relative potency of modification patterns varied between sites. A modification pattern involving alternating 2′-O-methyl RNA bases was developed that generally retains high potency when tested in different sites in different genes, evades activation of the innate immune system, and improves stability in serum