13 research outputs found
Protection of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus by microencapsulation using spray-chilling
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to produce and evaluate solid lipid microparticles containing Bifidobacterium lactis or Lactobacillus acidophilus. Survival assays were conducted to evaluate the resistance of the probiotics to spray-chilling process, their resistance to simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and their stability during 90 d of storage. The viability of the cells was not affected by microencapsulation. The free and encapsulated cells of B. lactis were resistant to SGF and SIF. The microencapsulation, however, provided protection for L. acidophilus against SGF and SIF. The free and encapsulated microorganisms lost their viability when they were stored at 37 degrees C. However, promising results were obtained when refrigerated and frozen storage was applied. The study indicates that spray-chilling using fat as carrier can be considered an innovative technology and matrix, respectively, for the protection, application and delivery of probiotics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.FAPESP in Brazil [Process 2009/11713-2, Process 2009/03140-2
Production and evaluation of lipid microparticles containing Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium lactis produced by spray chilling
No full textLactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium lactis são microrganismos probióticos frequentemente utilizados em alimentos funcionais. No entanto, estes microrganismos devem resistir ao processamento, à estocagem do alimento, e sobreviver à passagem pelo trato-gastrointestinal, para chegarem ativos ao intestino e exercerem seus efeitos benéficos. Uma vez que os probióticos são sensíveis a uma série de fatores, tais como meio ácido, sais biliares e presença de oxigênio, a microencapsulação tem sido estudada com objetivo de protegê-los aos efeitos adversos do ambiente, além de promover a liberação controlada no local de ação do microrganismo, melhorando sua eficiência. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a produção e avaliação de micropartículas lipídicas contendo B. lactis ou L. acidophilus, produzidas por spray chilling, utilizando gorduras de baixo ponto de fusão, tais como gordura de palma e manteiga de cacau, como agente encapsulante. O diâmetro médio e a morfologia das partículas foram avaliados. Ensaios de sobrevivência foram conduzidos com objetivo de avaliar a resistência dos microrganismos ao processo encapsulação, resistência in vitro aos fluidos gástrico e intestinal simulados e estabilidade das células durante 90 dias de armazenamento a -18, 7 e 20 ou 37°C, dependendo da gordura utilizada. As micropartículasapresentaram-se em formato esféricoe com diâmetro médio que pode permitir o fácil escoamento no alimento, sem proporcionar impacto tecnológico negativo.A tecnologia de encapsulação por spray chilling, utilizando gordura de palma e manteiga de cacau, como agentes encapsulantes, proporcionou a obtenção de micropartículas eficientes na proteção dos probióticos frente ao processo de encapsulação e na manutenção da estabilidade das células quando estocados sob congelamento. Entretanto, aeficiência das micropartículas frente aos fluidos gastrointestinais e a estabilidade das células quando estocadas a 7 e 20 ou 37°C variaram de acordo com a gordura utilizada e com o microrganismo encapsulado. As micropartículas lipídicas obtidas são, portanto, uma matriz inovadora para a aplicação de probióticos, de baixo custo e com grande possibilidade de obtenção em escala industrial. O desafio futuro para o presente estudo é a seleção de um agente encapsulante que aumente a estabilidade das células, nas temperaturas ambiente e de refrigeração, a fim de aumentar as possibilidades de aplicação destas microcápsulas em produtos alimentícios.L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis are probiotic microorganisms frequently used in food product. However they must remain viable during processing, entire shelf life of product and passing-through the gastrointestinal tract to provide beneficial effects on human health. Since theses microorganisms are sensitive to a series of factors, especially presence of oxygen and acid medium, microencapsulation has been studied as an alternative to increase probiotic cells viability and to provide the controlled release in the site of action, improving their efficiency. The aim of this study was to produce and evaluate lipid microparticles of L. acidophilus or B. lactis produced by spray chilling technology using low melting point fats, such as palm fat and cocoa butter, as the encapsulant agent. The mean diameter and morphology of the microparticles were evaluated. Survival assays were conducted to evaluate the resistance of the microorganisms to the spray chilling process, viability to the in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and viability during 90 days of storage at -18, 7 and 20/37°C, depending on the fat used. Microparticles presented a spherical shape and mean diameter that allows the flow of material in the food product without conferring technology influence. Spray chilling technology using fat palm or cocoa butter as the encapsulant agent was efficient in protecting the microorganism to the encapsulation process and 90 days of storage at -18°C. However the efficiency of the microparticles on the gastric and intestinal fluids and the cells stability during storage at 7 e 20 or 37°C varied according to the fat and microorganism used. The lipid microparticles seem to be a relatively innovative matrix for the application of probiotics with low costs and possibility of scale up. The future challenge in this study is to choose an encapsulant agent that improves cells resistance and viability at refrigerator and room temperatures to increase the possibility of application of these microcapsules in food products
Protection of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus by microencapsulation using spray-chilling
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NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics
No full textMammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data
