The Small Pelagic Fisheries of Sarangani Bay, Southern Mindanao, Philippines

Historically, the waters of Sarangani Bay have rich fishing grounds. Fisherfolks depend mostly on fishing and have been the primary source of living. The study covered two municipal landing sites in Sarangani Province and one site in General Santos City, with its fishing ground in Sarangani Bay, to have information on the status of pelagic resources. Results show a decreasing trend in catches of pelagic species from 92% in 2008 to 86% in 2012. The same decreasing trend can be seen in the number of species recorded compared to the previous study, from 401 species to 249. With regards to fishing gears used in the bay, there are five commonly used: multiple hook and line, scoop net, surface gill net, encircling gill net, and troll line. Analysis of data was made using different analytical models contained in FiSAT II software. Growth parameters like maximum length (Lmax), K-values, total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), and exploitation ratio were computed using the length data. Recruitment pattern analysis, virtual population analysis, and yield per recruit were also analyzed

Effect of Hand Tractor Implements on Soil Physical Properties in Upland Conditions

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 9 (2007): Effect of Hand Tractor Implements on Soil Physical Properties in Upland Conditions. Manuscript PM 07 005. Vol. IX. May, 2007

The Results (Lessons Learned) of More than 110 Energy Audits for Manufacturers by the Louisiana Industrial Assessment Center

This paper and discussion presents the summary and results of energy audits or assessments conducted by the University of Louisiana Lafayette Industrial Assessment Center, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy, for the first four years of operation. To insure the confidentiality of our clients, the results are generalized and summarized by industry type and recommendation type. Where the assessment finding and recommendations have been implemented, the implementation rate is shown. For recommendations that have the most significant savings and a high implementation rate, we will show the summarized implementation cost and payback period. The Industrial Assessment Center of the University of Louisiana Lafayette began operation in FY01 and conducted its first industrial energy assessment in December 2000. In this paper we present the results of this energy assessment and those of 112 more through August 2004. By industrial type, these assessments were for: Oilfield Equipment Manufacturing (23%), Food and Food Processing (18%), Petrochemical Manufacturing and Refineries (13%), Other (non-Oilfield) Equipment Manufacturing (12%), Ship Building and Repair (8%), Woodworking, Clothing and Wire Manufacturing (6%), Paper, Cardboard, Boxes and Bag Manufacturing (5%), Machining (4%), Building and Building Materials (4%), Printing (4%), and Glass and Ceramics Manufacturing (3%). The distribution of manufacturers for the State of Louisiana is weighted much higher in the Petrochemical Manufacturing and Refineries, however because of limitations on the amount of energy consumed (restrictions for the Industrial Assessment Centers), many of these are beyond the scope for Industrial Assessment Centers. For most of the recommendations we make, we try to keep the installation cost (parts and labor) within a one-year payback period. However, we have occasionally looked at longer payback periods when suggested by the client. The recommendations for each industry type are summarized in the following ten categories: air leaks and operating compressed air pressure (includes methods to lower cost by lowering the operating air pressure), replace air tools with electric tools (includes grinders, chippers, wrenches, and fans or blowers to replace air horns), installation of insulation (on hot or cold equipment, pipes and buildings), lighting (photo sensors, reductions, occupancy sensors, and LED exit signs), recycling, combustion efficiency and CHP, steam leaks and traps, heating and cooling (people and space), alternative fuels and operations, and productivity improvements (including preventive maintenance and group lighting replacement)

Salvaging the Pullout Strength of Stripped Screws in Osteoporotic Bone

Our goal was to determine whether the pullout strength of stripped screw holes in osteoporotic bone could be increased with readily available materials from the operating room. We inserted 3.5-mm stainless steel nonlocking self-tapping cortical screws bicortically into 5 osteoporotic humeri. Each screw was first stripped by rotating it 1 full turn past maximum torque. In the control group, the screw was pulled out using an MTS machine (858; MTS Inc, Eden Prairie, Minnesota). In the treatment groups, the screw was removed, the hole was augmented with 1 of the 3 materials (stainless steel wire, polysorb suture, or polyethylene terephthalate glycol plastic sheet), and the screws were replaced and then pulled out. The effect of material on pullout strength was checked for significance ( P < .05) using a general linearized latent and mixed model (Stata10; StataCorp, College Station, Texas). The mean (95% confidence interval) pullout strength for the unaugmented hole was 138 N (range 88-189), whereas the holes augmented with plastic, suture, or wire had mean pullout strengths of 255 N (range 177-333), 228 N (range 149-308), and 396 N (range 244-548), respectively. Although wire augmentation resulted in pullout strength that was significantly greater than that of the unaugmented screw, it was still below that of the intact construct

Modelisation numerique des ecoulements dans les digues : revue bibliographique et developpement d'un modele bidimensionnel horizontal

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 26165 C, issue : a.1997 n.18 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

A well-sampled phylogenetic analysis of the polystichoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae) suggests a complex biogeographical history involving both boreotropical migrations and recent transoceanic dispersals

Intercontinental disjunctions in ferns have often been considered as the result of long-distance dispersal (LDD) events rather than of vicariance. However, in many leptosporangiate groups, both processes appear to have played a major role in shaping current geographical distribution. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and inferred the ancestral distribution areas of the polystichoid ferns (Cyrtomium, Phanerophlebia, and Polystichum), to evaluate the relative impact of vicariance and LDD on the biogeography of this group. We used a molecular dataset including 3346 characters from five plastid loci. With 190 accessions our taxon coverage was about three times as large as any previous worldwide sampling. Biogeographical analyses were performed using S-DIVA and S-DEC and divergence times were estimated by integrating fossil and secondary calibrations. The polystichoid ferns are a monophyletic Glade that may have originated in East Asia during the Eocene, an age much younger than previously estimated. Three transoceanic disjunctions between East Asia and New World were identified in the Paleogene: one for Phanerophlebia during late Eocene (34 Ma, 19-51 Ma), and two in Polystichum at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (30 Ma, 18-43 Ma; 28 Ma, 19-39 Ma respectively). During the Neogene, further range expansions took place from Asia to Africa, Hawaii, and the Southwestern Indian Ocean region. Our results indicate that early transfers between the Old and the New World are compatible with a boreotropical migration scenario. After evolving in Asia during the Eocene, the polystichoid ferns reached the New World in independent migrations at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary through the boreotropical belt. However, although less likely, the alternative hypothesis of independent transoceanic dispersals from the Old to the New World cannot be ruled out. Further range expansion during the Neogene was most likely the result of long-distance dispersal (LDD). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A large-scale phylogeny of the lycophyte genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae: Lycopodiopsida) based on plastid and nuclear loci

The lycophyte genus Selaginella alone constitutes the family Selaginellaceae, the largest of the lycophyte families. The genus is estimated to contain 700-800 species distributed on all continents except Antarctica, with highest species diversity in tropical and subtropical regions. The monophyly of Selaginella in this broad sense has rarely been doubted, whereas its intrageneric classification has been notoriously contentious. Previous molecular studies were based on very sparse sampling of Selaginella (up to 62 species) and often used DNA sequence data from one genome. In the present study, DNA sequences of one plastid (rbcL) and one nuclear (ITS) locus from 394 accessions representing approximately 200 species of Selaginella worldwide were used to infer a phylogeny using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods. The study identifies strongly supported major clades and well resolves relationships among them. Major results include: (i) six deep-level clades are discovered representing the deep splits of Selaginella; and (ii) 20 major clades representing 20 major evolutionary lineages are identified, which differ from one another in molecular, macro-morphological, ecological and spore features, and/or geographical distribution. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2015