Und warum das ganze Theater?

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Umgang dramatischer Texte im Deutschunterricht in der Sekundarstufe I und II. Dabei wurde mit Hilfe von qualitativen Interviews mit 15 Deutschlehrerinnen und -lehrern untersucht, welche methodischen Verfahren im Dramenunterricht verwendet werden und auf welche theoretischen Positionen sich diese berufen. Der zweite Schwerpunkt dieser Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle des postdramatischen Theaters im Dramenunterricht, dessen schulische Einsetzbarkeit und die Einstellungen der Lehrenden gegenüber dieser modernen Theaterform. Weiters wurde untersucht, ob ein Unterschied in der Erarbeitung von Dramentexten zwischen Stadt- und LandlehrerInnen besteht. Eine Auswertung dieser Ergebnisse fand mittels der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Philipp Mayring statt. Im Hinblick auf Gebrauch und Einsatz von Theatertexten im Deutschunterricht kann zusammengefasst werden, dass eine Vielzahl an dramendidaktischen Methoden im praktischen Unterricht verwendet werden, ein Bewusstsein über die theoretische Fundierung dieser Verfahrensweisen und über dramendidaktische Positionen allerdings bei den befragten Personen kaum bis nicht vorhanden ist. Daher kann aufgrund der Untersuchungsergebnisse vermutet werden, dass den befragten Lehrerinnen und Lehrern „Rezepte“ zur Erarbeitung von Dramentexten vermittelt werden, die unterschiedlichen LehrerInnenbehelfen wie Lektürehilfen, Schulbüchern und Fachzeitschriften entnommen werden. Signifikante Differenzen zwischen Stadt- und LandlehrerInnen wurden hauptsächlich im Besuch von Theateraufführungen festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Lehrkräfte in Landschulen aufgrund ihrer exponierten Lage seltener Aufführungen besuchen als LehrerInnen in der Stadt. Dennoch kann bei dem Großteil der Lehrenden von einem regelmäßigen Besuch von Theateraufführungen gemeinsam mit den Schülerinnen und Schülern gesprochen werden. Insgesamt hat die Arbeit an und mit Dramen im Deutschunterricht an österreichischen höheren Schulen einen wichtigen Platz

Administration of bisphosphonate for hypercalcemia associated with oral cancer

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of treating hypercalcemia with bisphosphonate (BP) in patients with advanced oral cancer has not been fully investigated. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical course of hypercalcemic patients with and without BP treatment. METHODS: Sixteen hypercalcemic patients, most of whom had uncontrollable locoregional lesions and lung metastases, were studied. Nine patients had been given BP, and the rest had not. RESULTS: There were significant differences in age and serum ALT between the BP-treated and -untreated groups. The first administration of BP effectively and safely decreased the serum calcium level, but repeated administrations were less effective. Although the patients treated with BP survived significantly longer than the untreated subjects, the difference of the median was only about 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of hypercalcemia in oral cancer patients apparently implies an extremely poor prognosis, and long-term survival cannot be expected, even with BP treatment

Change in Markers of Bone Metabolism with Chemotherapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Interleukin-6 Response Is a Potential Early Indicator of Response to Therapy

Men with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) frequently have bone metastasis. The effects of chemotherapy on markers of bone metabolism have not been well characterized. We conducted a prospective study of patients with AIPC randomized in the first cycle to receive either docetaxel/estramustine or zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate, to inhibit osteoclastic activity. Here we report the effects of therapy on markers of bone metabolism in these patients following the first cycle of therapy. Serum levels of several indices of bone remodeling were evaluated using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Changes in markers of bone metabolism were compared in patients receiving initial chemotherapy versus bisphosphonate. There was no significant difference in median change in any of the measured bone markers in patients given zoledronic acid when compared to chemotherapy. When comparing responders to nonresponders, overall interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreased by 35% in prostate-specific antigen responders; whereas, IL-6 levels increased by 76% in nonresponders (p = 0.03). Elevated IL-6 levels and reductions in IL-6 levels early in treatment may reflect ultimate clinical response to docetaxel-based regimens.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78145/1/jir.2008.0024.pd

Comparison of Technetium-99m-MIBI imaging with MRI for detection of spine involvement in patients with multiple myeloma

BACKGROUND: Recently, radiopharmaceutical scanning with Tc-99m-MIBI was reported to depict areas with active bone disease in multiple myeloma (MM) with both high sensitivity and specificity. This observation was explained by the uptake of Tc-99m-MIBI by neoplastic cells. The present investigation evaluates whether Tc-99m-MIBI imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) perform equally well in detecting myelomatous bone marrow lesions. METHODS: In 21 patients with MM, MRIs of the vertebral region TH12 to S1 and whole body scans with Tc-99m-MIBI were done. RESULTS: Tc-99m-MIBI scanning missed bone marrow infiltration in 43 of 87 vertebrae (50.5%) in which MRI showed neoplastic bone marrow involvement. In patients with disease stage I+II, Tc-99m-MIBI scanning was negative in all of 24 vertebrae infiltrated according to MRI. In patients with disease stage III, Tc-99m-MIBI scanning detected 44 of 63 (70%) vertebrae involved by neoplastic disease. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m-MIBI scanning underestimated the extent of myelomatous bone marrow infiltration in the spine, especially in patients with low disease stage

Oral ibandronate reduces the risk of skeletal complications in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease: results from two randomised, placebo-controlled phase III studies

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Administration of the bisphosphonate ibandronate (BM 21.0955) by intravenous bolus injection

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are used for the treatment of both benign and malignant diseases characterized by increased bone resorption. Because of their potential nephrotoxicity, currently available BPs have to be administered by slow intravenous infusion, with conventional doses requiring an infusion time of at least 2 h. In the present investigation, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of the new BP ibandronate as administered by intravenous bolus injection. On day 0, 15 normocalcemic breast cancer patients with bone metastases were treated with 3 mg of ibandronate injected intravenously over 60–120 s. Ibandronate treatment led to significant decreases in serum levels of calcium (p < 0.0001) and phosphate (p < 0.0001) and to subsequent increases in serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (p < 0.0001) and calcitriol (p < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the urinary excretion of calcium (p < 0.0001), pyridinoline (p < 0.001), and deoxypyridinoline (p < 0.0001). Three serious adverse events were observed: vomiting (WHO grade 3), pulmonary infection (WHO grade 2), and deterioration of a pre-existing impaired glucose tolerance (WHO grade 3). Only vomiting appeared to be related to administration of the drug. The most frequent nonserious adverse events were 10 cases of transient clinically asymptomatic hypocalcemia and 8 cases of asymptomatic hypophosphatemia. Serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen did not increase, nor did creatinine clearance deteriorate. When tested with the dipstick method, proteinuria was present in five (33%) patients prior to ibandronate treatment (median protein concentration, 30 mg/dl). Following the BP injection, seven (47%) patients showed slight (highest protein concentration, 30 mg/dl) transient proteinuria at at least one time point, of which six cases appeared in conjunction with leucocyturia and three with microhematuria. Side effects specific to aminosubstituted BPs (fever, reduction in white blood cell counts, and lymphocyte counts) were not seen in these 15 patients. In conclusion, a single intravenous injection of 3 mg of ibandronate significantly inhibited osteoclast activity as reflected by the decrease in serum calcium and in urinary parameters of bone resorption. Serum creatinine levels and estimates of creatinine clearance were not affected by therapy. However, before repeated bolus injections of ibandronate at this dosage can be recommended for further clinical trials, whether a relationship exists between the transient pathological urinary findings and injected ibandronate needs to be determined.SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe