Applications of microbial enzymes in the textile industry

Textile industry is a conventional industry in many countries, which possesses a considerable proportion of the economy. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the application of biotechnology in textile industries (Mahmoud et al., 2009). Textile industries are facing a challenging condition in the field of quality and productivity, due to the globalization of the world market. In this market, which represents close to $700 million, the textile industry is seeking new sources of innovation, one of which is biotechnology. In 1996, the global enzyme market for textiles amounted to just$178 million. Overall, the estimated value of the worldwide use of industrial enzymes has grown to $1.5 billion in 2000. Regulatory pressure is expected to intensify for both textiles and leather as less polluting technologies become available and it becomes possible to generate less waste (Cavaco-Paulo, 1998). This in turn makes it essential for innovations and changes in the processes. As a result, the research and development strategies of the textile processors will be highly focused and the challenges will force many changes in the textile industry. Biotechnology is one such field that is changing the conventional processing to eco friendly processing of the textiles. Defining the scope of biotechnology is not easy because it overlaps with so many industries such as the chemical industry or food industry being the majors, but biotechnology has found many applications in textile industry also, especially textile processing and effluent management. Consciousness and expectations for better quality fabric and awareness about environmental issues are two important drivers for textile industry to adopt biotechnology in its various areas. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved

Fluorene removal from synthetically concocted marine water by trametes versicolor

In this study; sub-tropical white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor was investigated for its ability to degrade fluorene in the mediums containing glucose and different concentrations of fluorene (5.0-50.0 mg/L) in batch systems. T. versicolor was also studied for the ability to degrade fluorene in a medium has high saline concentrations. (20, 15, 10, 5, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 1.5 %). Samples were collected at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and fluorene was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Laccase and Mn peroxidase enzyme activities were also monitored and not detectable at the end of the incubation in higher saline conditions (except 1.5 % salinity). The greatest biodegradation was obtained by T. versicolor with 30.0 mg/L fluorene concentration in 3.5, 3.0, 2.5 and 1.5 % salinity medium

Detection of phenolic compounds by thick film sensors based on Pseudomonas putida

WOS: 000186127200003PubMed ID: 18969166Amperometric biosensors using bacterial cells were developed for the determination of phenolic compounds and the measurement was based on the respiratory activity of the cells. For this purpose, Pseudomonas putida DSM 50026 which is one of the well-known phenol degrading organisms, was used as a biological component. The cells were grown in the presence of phenol as the sole source of organic carbon. As well as phenol adapted cells, the bacterium which used the glucose as the major carbon source, was also used to obtain another type of biosensor for the comparison of the responses and specificities towards different xenobiotics. The commercial oxygen electrode was used as a transducer to test the sensor responses for both induced and non-induced cells. Our results showed that the adaptation step enable us to obtain biosensor devices with different substrate specificity. Moreover, P. putida was immobilized on the surface of thick film working electrodes made of gold by using gelatin membrane cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The biosensors were calibrated for different phenolic substances. Furthermore, phenol detection was performed in synthetic wastewater samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

GC-MS and spectrophotometric analysis of biodegradation of new disazo dye by Trametes versicolor [538 - 542]

In this study; sub-tropical white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor was investigated for its ability to degrade 4-(3?-methyl-4?-(4?-nitrophenyl)azo-1?H-pyrazol-5?-ylazo)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-on in the mediums containing glucose and different concentrations of degrade dye in batch systems. This dye was synthetized at Pamukkale Universtiy of Organic Chemistry research laboratory. Samples were collected on 10 days, and was detected by Shimadzu UV-1600A spectrophotometry. Decolorization study showed that this disazo dye was removed by more than 70% in 10 days. Laccase enzyme activity was detected in samples and then last sample was analyzed by GC-MS. Metabolites weren't showed in GC-MS result. It was concluded that T. versicolor could achieve the biodegradation of this new disazo dye. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd