New detections of feldspar-bearing volcanic rocks in the walls of Valles Marineris, Mars

Data is a collection of Tiff files of the different series bundled into zip files.Eight new detections of plagioclase-like signatures are reported in their original geologic context in the walls of Valles Marineris. At one location, the feldspar signatures are clearly associated with a 200 m thick sub-horizontal layer, hinting at an eruptive origin. DTM and image were calculated using the NASA Ames Stereopipeline.Detection of plagioclase feldspar minerals from remote sensing instruments onboard Mars missions is difficult, and only a handful of occurrences have been reported so far. We present here new detections of such minerals in the giant martian canyon of Valles Marineris, exposed in their original context, and associated at least in one location, to a 200 m thick sub-horizontal layer within the walls. Analyses were performed using visible near-infrared spectral data, which are commonly compared to reference spectra of known terrestrial minerals, or mineral powders, acquired in the laboratory. Whereas previous detections were interpreted as evidence for plagioclase-dominated, or at least, nearly mafic-free, plutonic rocks, we argue here that the Valles Marineris outcrops correspond to erupted, volcanic products. The signature of plagioclase could originate from large crystals hosted in mafic, intermediate, or felsic volcanic rocks; from a lava flow, or from welded ashes. Our new observations confirm that plagioclase detections on Mars can correspond to multiple types of rocks and bring more clues to ongoing debates regarding the extent of Mars' magmatic processes and the nature of its crust.We are grateful to the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter team for the availability of the data. This study was supported by the CNRS Momentum, LUE future leader programs, and the French “Program National de Planétologie”. The authors acknowledge the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under grant ANR-21-CE49-0003 (MARS-Spec). CRISM data have been processed with the MarsSI (marssi.univ-lyon1.fr) application founded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) (ERC Grant Agreement No. 280168). The component of the work by Frank Fueten was funded by an NSERC discovery grant

Brazilian Consumers’ Attitudes towards So-Called “Cell-Based Meat”

The main goal of this online survey was to investigate the attitudes of Brazilians towards “cell-based meat”, which has become the subject of great scientific and media enthusiasm. The answers of 4471 respondents concluded that 46.6% of them thought “cell-based meat” was promising and acceptable. More than 66% would be willing to try this novel product compared to 23% who expressed reluctance to do so. Nearly 40% of the total respondents did not want to eat “cell-based meat” regularly at all, whereas 29%, 43.2%, and 39.9% were willing to eat it regularly in restaurants, at home, and/or in ready-made meals, respectively. However, the majority of respondents (71%) were keen to pay much less for “cell-based meat” than conventionally produced meat (or even nothing at all), compared to 24.3% who were willing to pay the same price as conventional meat, whereas only 4.8% were willing to pay more. Approximately 51% of them considered that “cell-based meat” should not be called “meat” for marketing purposes. Job, monthly income, age, and gender were major factors impacting consumer acceptance. Meat professionals and consumers with higher incomes were less willing to eat “cell-based meat” regularly. Women (especially younger women) were the most concerned about the ethical and environmental issues related to meat production and were the most convinced that reducing meat consumption could be a good solution to the meat industry’s problems. Respondents who did not accept “cell-based meat” and did not eat meat substitutes had a negative attitude to this novel food (they considered it absurd and/or disgusting) and did not believe that “cell-based meat” should be called “meat” for marketing purposes. In contrast, the people who thought that “cell-based meat” could be called “meat” perceived it in a rather positive way. These results are important for consumers of meat and meat substitutes and for companies aiming to enter the potential future Brazilian market of “cell-based meat”

Simple scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis

BACKGROUND: Aspecific scoring systems are used to predict the risk of death postsurgery in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The purpose of the present study was both to analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death, which complicates surgery for IE, and to create a mortality risk score based on the results of this analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outcomes of 361 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.1\ub115.4 years) who had undergone surgery for IE in 8 European centers of cardiac surgery were recorded prospectively, and a risk factor analysis (multivariable logistic regression) for in-hospital death was performed. The discriminatory power of a new predictive scoring system was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Score validation procedures were carried out. Fifty-six (15.5%) patients died postsurgery. BMI >27 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; P=0.049), estimated glomerular filtration rate 55 mm Hg (OR, 1.78; P=0.032), and critical state (OR, 2.37; P=0.017) were independent predictors of in-hospital death. A scoring system was devised to predict in-hospital death postsurgery for IE (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.780; 95% CI, 0.734-0.822). The score performed better than 5 of 6 scoring systems for in-hospital death after cardiac surgery that were considered. CONCLUSIONS: A simple scoring system based on risk factors for in-hospital death was specifically created to predict mortality risk postsurgery in patients with IE

Bioadhésion sur surfaces métalliques modèles de biomatériaux à usage médical (influence de protéine sur le comportement de cellules du tissu osseux)

L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier i) le prétraitement de surfaces de Ti, Cr et Fe-17Cr par la fibronectine (Fn), protéine de la matrice extracellulaire impliquée dans l'adhésion cellulaire, et ii) son influence sur le comportement de préostéoblastes (MC3T3). L'adsorption de Fn à 37C et pH 7,4 (tampon PBS) a été comparée à celle de l'albumine de sérum bovin (BSA), une protéine modèle. Les mesures par microbalance à quartz électrochimique (EQCM) montrent que les cinétiques d'adsorption de Fn (0,015 g/L) et BSA (0,020 g/L) sont similaires sur Ti et Cr. Un rinçage au PBS enlève ~20 % de la quantité initiale de Fn adsorbée ; après désorption, la quantité de Fn est similaire sur Ti et Cr (~1000 ng/cm2). La BSA s adsorbe irréversiblement en plus grande quantité sur Ti (650 ng/cm2) que sur Cr (350 ng/cm2). La présence des protéines sur les surfaces a été chimiquement démontrée par spectroscopie de photoélectrons induits par rayons X (XPS). Les épaisseurs équivalentes de Fn et de BSA ne dépendent pas du matériau (~3 nm). En combinant EQCM et XPS, un modèle en îlots de protéine a été considéré (taux de recouvrement et hauteur d'îlots h). La Fn s'adsorbe de façon similaire sur Ti ( =60+-10 % et h=17+-5 nm) et Cr ( =70+-10 % et h=11+-2 nm). L'adsorption de BSA diffère selon le matériau ( =40+-10 % et h=15+-3 nm sur Ti ; =100+-10 % et h=3+-1 nm sur Cr). Les essais MTT et les dosages de la LDH montrent que l'adhésion à 2 h des MC3T3 est moins élevée sur Ti que sur Cr et Fe-17Cr. Le prétraitement des surfaces par la Fn (0,050 g/L) augmente l adhésion sur Ti, diminue la prolifération cellulaire entre 2 h et 48 h sur Ti et l'augmente sur Fe-17Cr.PARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Des produits biologiques ou locaux dans mon panier ? Forme d'arbitrage des consommateurs d'une grande zone urbaine

International audienc

Des produits biologiques ou locaux dans mon panier ? Forme d'arbitrage des consommateurs d'une grande zone urbaine

International audienc

Forces configurationnelles et localisation de front de fissure

International audienceEn exploitant un procédé de post-traitement de calcul de taux de restitution d'énergie, une stratégie pour la recherche de front de fissure est présentée. La position d'un éventuel front de fissure au sein d'un domaine spatial (sur lequel au moins une information de déformation et de comportement est donnée) est recherchée à partir de la maximisation de la dérivée d'une quantité énergétique par rapport à une transformation de domaine. Plusieurs applications sont présentées, sur l'exploitation de résultats d'essais en corrélation d'image et sur une simulation d'endommagement non-local