A Case Report of a Successful Allergen Immunotherapy with Candida Albicans in Patient with Sever Atopic Dermatitis Sensitive to Candida Albicans

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronic, relapsing, itchy skin disease with an immunologic basis. This disease is associated with itchy skin lesions (pruritus), dry skin (xerosis) and plaques of eczema. The role of aeroallergens, such as house dust mite (HDM) and food allergens has been proven to exacerbate skin eczema lesions. Alongside drugs such as corticosteroids, topical emollients, antihistamines, tacrolimus, and immune suppressants, phototherapy and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) also done. SCIT is mostly using for sensitization to mite allergens.Case Presentation: We present a 30 y/o Iranian woman with severe atopic dermatitis and sensitization to Candida allergens. We initiated SCIT with candida allergen and the patient had obvious improvements in her signs and symptoms 3 months after starting SCIT.Conclusion: Although subcutaneous immunotherapy was only approved for mite sensitization in atopic dermatitis, it should be considered in other aeroallergen sensitizations

Lupus and the Nervous System: A Neuroimmunoloigcal Update on Pathogenesis and Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Focus on Neuropsychiatric SLE

An autoimmune condition is characterized by a misdirected immunological system that interacts with host antigens. Excess activation of T- and B-lymphocytes, autoantibody generation, immune complex deposition, and multi-organ injury are found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an early autoimmune condition with a substantial hereditary element. A number of environmental factors and lifestyle changes also play a role in the development of SLE. The imbalanced immunity could take part in the dysfunction and injury of different biological organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) can present with focal and diffuse involvements. Clinical manifestations of NPSLE vary from mild cognitive deficits to changed mental status, psychosis, and seizure disorders. Headaches, mood, and cognitive problems are the most common neuropsychiatric presentations associated with SLE. NPSLE could be found in 40% of all people who have SLE. The diagnostic inference of NPSLE can be made solely following these secondary causes have been ruled out. The present chapter provides an updated discussion of the clinical presentation, molecular processes, diagnosis, management, and therapy of SLE with emphasizing on NPSLE

A Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Pericardial Effusion

Introduction: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the primary immunodeficiencies that its patients can develop its symptoms since infancy till senility; however, it usually manifests between the age of 15 and 40 years. It is characterized by low antibody levels and recurrent infections.  Individuals with CVID are more prone to autoimmune diseases and malignancy. Case presentation: We presented a 17-year-old girl with a documented CVID, who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and prophylactic antibiotics.  She suffered from CVID from the age of 13 to the study time. She was hospitalized due to illness, fever, and severe dyspnea. Her chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly; thus, high-resolution thorax CT scan and echocardiography were performed which revealed pericardial effusion. No underlying autoimmune diseases were detected in our assessments. Significant clinical, radiographic and physiological improvements were achieved after conducting an appropriate therapy. The patient was followed for two years and showed no clinical and laboratory findings in respect to autoimmune diseases. In our case, the pericardial effusion was present without any evidence of autoimmunity. Conclusions: Cardiac manifestation and complications are rare in CVID patients in the absence of an autoimmune disease; however, they should be considered

Reversibility of LiBH₄ Facilitated by the LiBH₄–Ca(BH₄)₂ Eutectic

The hydrogen storage properties of eutectic melting 0.68LiBH₄–0.32Ca­(BH₄)₂ (LiCa) as bulk and nanoconfined into a high surface area, <i>S</i>_BET = 2421 ± 189 m²/g, carbon aerogel scaffold, with an average pore size of 13 nm and pore volume of <i>V</i>_tot = 2.46 ± 0.46 mL/g, is investigated. Hydrogen desorption and absorption data were collected in the temperature range of RT to 500 °C (Δ<i>T</i>/Δ<i>t</i> = 5 °C/min) with the temperature then kept constant at 500 °C for 10 h at hydrogen pressures in the range of 1–8 and 134–144 bar, respectively. The difference in the maximum H₂ release rate temperature, <i>T</i>_max, between bulk and nanoconfined LiCa during the second cycle is Δ<i>T</i>_max ≈ 40 °C, which over five cycles becomes smaller, Δ<i>T</i>_max ≈ 10 °C. The high temperature, <i>T</i>_max ≈ 455 °C, explains the need for high temperatures for rehydrogenation in order to obtain sufficiently fast reaction kinetics. This work also reveals that nanoconfinement has little effect on the later cycles and that nanoconfinement of pure LiBH₄ has a strong effect in only the first cycle of H₂ release. The hydrogen storage capacity is stable for bulk and nanoconfined LiCa in the second to the fifth cycle, which contrasts to nanoconfined LiBH₄ where the H₂ storage capacity continuously decreases. Bulk and nanoconfined LiCa have hydrogen storage capacities of 5.4 and 3.7 wt % H₂ in the fifth H₂ release, which compare well with the calculated hydrogen contents of LiBH₄ only and in LiCa, which are 5.43 and 3.69 wt % H₂, respectively. Thus, decomposition products of Ca­(BH₄)₂ appear to facilitate the full reversibility of the LiBH₄, and this approach may lead to new hydrogen storage systems with stable energy storage capacity over multiple cycles of hydrogen release and uptake