Maximizing the efficiency of resistance training

Introduction and objective: Resistance training is the main intervention that can develop an individual’s strength and muscle mass. When executed regularly, it provides significant health benefits. The aim of this study is to analyze the current level of knowledge on maximizing the efficiency of resistance training in the context of muscle hypertrophy and increase in muscle strength. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. The criteria for qualifying the article for the review were the following keywords: hypertrophy, resistance training, muscle strength, and efficiency. 10 articles from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. Description of the state of knowledge: To optimize the way of performing RT, its assumptions should be individually adapted to the exercising person.  In the conventional model of muscle hypertrophy, three main factors are distinguished: muscle tension, metabolic stress, and muscle damage. Maintaining greater mechanical muscle tension during training primarily promotes an increase in its strength while increasing metabolic stress is responsible for the intensification of hypertrophy. In terms of hypertrophy, it has been observed that more series of exercises per week means greater gains in muscle mass. Multi-joint exercises involve more muscle mass than single-joint exercises. Summary: To control the effectiveness of training 1RM should be measured before and after the training cycle. Performing exercises with a high load (RM ≤7) may be the most effective training method for people with limited time resources. To maximize the efficiency of training, only multi-joint exercises may be used.Introduction and objective: Resistance training is the main intervention that can develop an individual’s strength and muscle mass. When executed regularly, it provides significant health benefits. The aim of this study is to analyze the current level of knowledge on maximizing the efficiency of resistance training in the context of muscle hypertrophy and increase in muscle strength. Materials and methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. The criteria for qualifying the article for the review were the following keywords: hypertrophy, resistance training, muscle strength, and efficiency. 10 articles from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. Description of the state of knowledge: To optimize the way of performing RT, its assumptions should be individually adapted to the exercising person.  In the conventional model of muscle hypertrophy, three main factors are distinguished: muscle tension, metabolic stress, and muscle damage. Maintaining greater mechanical muscle tension during training primarily promotes an increase in its strength while increasing metabolic stress is responsible for the intensification of hypertrophy. In terms of hypertrophy, it has been observed that more series of exercises per week means greater gains in muscle mass. Multi-joint exercises involve more muscle mass than single-joint exercises. Summary: To control the effectiveness of training 1RM should be measured before and after the training cycle. Performing exercises with a high load (RM ≤7) may be the most effective training method for people with limited time resources. To maximize the efficiency of training, only multi-joint exercises may be used. Key words: hypertrophy; resistance training; muscle strength; efficienc

The ketogenic diet in the treatment of diabetes type 2

Despite  advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard .The majority of chronic diseases like diabetes is largely related to obesity which is usually a product of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. The ketogenic diet has become an increasingly popular approach for both weight loss and as an alternative diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, this diet has a positive effect on body weight, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma lipid profile. This review focuses on the therapeutic effectiveness of using LCKD for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Despite  advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard .The majority of chronic diseases like diabetes is largely related to obesity which is usually a product of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. The ketogenic diet has become an increasingly popular approach for both weight loss and as an alternative diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, this diet has a positive effect on body weight, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma lipid profile. This review focuses on the therapeutic effectiveness of using LCKD for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Efficacy and safety of atropine to control childhood myopia progression

Introduction: Nearsightedness is one of the most common eye defects in people all over the world. If left untreated, it leads to a number of serious eye complications that can result in irreversible loss of vision. It is estimated that by 2050. Half of humanity will be burdened with this disadvantage, so it has become a priority to try to find ways to prevent and treat myopia, among which the administration of atropine drops is very effective. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia and to investigate the relationship between the dose of atropine and the effectiveness of controlling the progression of myopia. Material and methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to review the literature. Results: Eye drops with 1% atropine showed the greatest efficacy in the control of myopia. However, their use was limited due to the occurrence of side effects such as impaired accommodation and photophobia. In the ATOM 2 study, which investigated the use of atropine in a variety of concentrations, it was found that 0.01% is the optimal concentration with good efficacy and minimal side effects. One of the breakthroughs was the LAMP study using atropine at a concentration of 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.01% in eye drops. This study provided evidence for the first time that low-concentration atropine is effective compared with placebo in myopia. In addition, both efficacy and side effects followed a concentration-dependent response ranging from 0.01% to 0.05% of atropine. Among them, 0.05% of atropine was the optimal concentration to achieve the best efficacy and safety profile. Conclusion: Low concentration of atropine is effective in the control of myopia. Its widespread use can help prevent the progression of myopia. However, further investigation of the rebound phenomenon and a long term, individualized approach to treatment are warranted.   &nbsp

Mindfulness sessions delivered via smartphone applications and their potential benefits

Mindfulness, as a practice of focusing one’s attention on the present moment without evaluating, is used in mindfulness based interventions (MBI) therapy. Traditionally, these sessions are conducted in person. At this moment, we are witnessing a global trend in which patients are turning to technology and are looking for alternative, more convenient solutions. There are studies assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness training conducted in a new unconventional way, which is using an application installed on patient's smartphone. This paper discusses possible benefits of online conducted mindfulness sessions.&nbsp

Therapeutic methods in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer - a review

Breast cancer is a common female malignancy characterized by the presence of multiple subtypes taking into account, among other things, hormonal activity. The purpose of this study is to show the therapeutic options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A review of the literature in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science by keywords was performed, taking into account papers from 2017-2022. The main therapeutic approaches are surgical intervention and systemic chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant). Unsatisfactory results from chemotherapy have prompted researchers to work on other methods to combat TNBC. Clinical trials are being conducted on the use of immunotherapy focusing mainly on molecules against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Targeted therapy is the latest proposed form of therapy, which offers the possibility of introducing a drug in the future that will be tailored to the patient's needs limiting the negative therapeutic impact

Standards of conduct in residential long-term nursing care in view of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic

Introduction: SARS - CoV - 2 virus, which causes COVID - 19 disease, is transmitted mainly by droplets. The symptoms of infection are: fever, wet cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, headache, pain in muscles and bones, general malaise accompanied by exhaustion. Anosomy (loss of smell) and dysgeusia are also common, as well as vomiting, nausea, diarrhea. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is based on molecular tests involving the detection of fragments of the viral genome in real time PCR (real time polymerase reaction) in nasopharyngeal swabs, less often throat swabs. Objective of the work: The aim of the study is to summarize the guidelines for long-term nursing care for a patient infected with SARS - CoV - 2 in the patient's home environment. Material and methods: The work was based on the method of non-systematic review of scientific literature. The following databases were searched: PubMed, EBESCO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, according to keywords in Polish and English: SARS - CoV - 2, long-term care, nursing, recommendations. The annual limits 2019 - 2020 were assumed as the search period. Results and conclusions:The SARS-CoV-2 virus appears in residential long-term care facilities primarily through its transmission from the external environment by the entity's employees. Proper management of long-term care facilities is the basis for reducing COVID - 19 transmission, and thus the number of confirmed cases. The knowledge about the recommendations and recommendations of authorized bodies regarding the proceedings limiting the transmission of the virus should be regularly updated

Development of diagnosis and treatment in the iliotibial band syndrome

Introduction and objective: The iliotibial band (ITB) is a complex structure located in the lateral part of the thigh and consists of longitudinally arranged fascial connective tissue. The aim of this study is to analyze the current literature regarding etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and conservative treatment of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). Materials and methods: PubMed database were searched. The criteria for qualifying the article for the review were the following keywords: running, iliotibial band syndrome, knee injuries, conservative treatment, physical therapy modalities. 11 articles from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. The searches included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and review articles. Description of the state of knowledge: Iliotibial band syndrome is the most common cause of lateral knee pain in runners and cyclists.  It is presumably caused by excessive tension in the iliotibial band. Excessive tension is the result of overuse disorder of the lateral knee. Key symptom of ITBS is sharp or burning pain in the region of the lateral femoral epicondyle.. Pain typically occurs during physical activity, after a reproducible time or distance of running. The diagnosis is achieved through taking clinical history and physical assessment. Summary: Treatment of ITBS is based on therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, neuromuscular re-education, modalities and  anti-inflammatory medications. Eliminating modifiable risk factors helps prevent ITBS from recurring

Therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation in patients with type II diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is disturbingly increasing all over the world. Clinicians and patients need new ways of improving T2DM therapy. Aim of this study: The aim of this study is to present the current scientific literature on the potential hypoglycemic effects of creatine in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: A systematic review of the scientific and medical literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was carried out. This was achieved according to the keywords: type 2 diabetes and creatine supplementation. 25 items of literature were qualified for analysis. Results and conclusions: Creatine supplementation, when combined with physical activity, improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Increased glucose transfer into muscle cells by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to the sarcolemma is one of the potential mechanisms explaining these hypoglycemic effects. Creatine has a big potential to become a nutritional therapy adjuvant for type 2 diabetes. However, in order to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy and safety of creatine as a diabetic intervention, larger, longer-term, controlled trials involving type 2 diabetes with variable disease severity and different pharmacological treatments are required

Videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomy as a method of treatment of the chronic pain syndromes in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis

Background: Chronic pain is a serious problem occurring in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis. It often contributes to anorexia and significantly deteriorates the quality of life, including the possibility of shortening the survival of such patients. Thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy is a surgical procedure consisted of the excision of the major thoracic visceral nerve or its branches, which attend the transmission of pain stimuli from the abdominal viscera.  Aim of the study: The study aim is to indicate benefits of videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomy as a procedure performed in chronic pain management in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.  Material and methods: The literature available in the databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and polish scientific journals was reviewed, using the following keywords: videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomy, pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis. Results and conclusions: Videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomy is a minimally invasive yet highly effective surgical procedure, which allows to avoid traumatizing procedures such as thoracotomy or laparotomy in patients suffering from a severe chronic pain associated with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis and other conditions. Moreover it contributes to a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity and considerably improves the quality of patients’ lives

The immunomodulatory phenomenon of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

People living in areas with limited access to sunlight, do not produce enough vitamin D and are more likely to suffer from Multiple Sclerosis.Near the equator, where there is high exposure to the sun, the disease is almost non-existent. Aim of the study: The study aimto statistical data on the literature and presents the current state of Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor in multiple sclerosis. Material and method: The method of study is descriptive epidemiological analysis. Information that has been used is derived from statistical data provided by the WHO. In searching for them on the WHO, PubMed website, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Results and conclusions: Vitamin D is a regulator of calcium and phosphorus levels and affects the development and proper functioning of the nervous system. Patients with Multiple sclerosis often have low serum vitamin D levels, which tend to decrease as the disease progresses. There are theories that a deficiency of this vitamin promotes autoimmune, inflammatory demyelination