12 research outputs found
Efficacy of Different Substrates on Vermicompost Production: A Biochemical Analysis
The rapid increase in the volume of waste is one aspect of the environment crisis, accompanying global development. Earthworms play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter and soil metabolism through feeding, fragmentation, aeration, turnover and dispersion. The type of substrates used and species of earthworms introduced plays a significant role in plant growth and yield. The waste to be stabilized should support an adequate biomass needed for effective processing. In the present study the vermicompost produced from banana as a substrate did not show a significant increase in NPK content from that of the control. On the other hand poultry waste and vegetable waste with goat dung showed significant increase in the NPK content. The enhancement of the vermicompost was probably due to mineralization of the organic matter containing proteins and conversion of ammonium nitrogen into nitrite. Mineralization and consequent mobilization of phosphorous by enhanced bacterial and phosphatase activities during vermicomposting leads to increase in Phosphorus. The earthworm processed waste materials contain high concentration of exchangeable potassium, due to enhanced microbial activity during the vermicomposting process, which accordingly enhanced the rate of mineralization. Vermicompost tends to hold more nutrients over larger periods without adverse effects on the environment
Dangerous offenders, serial, incorrigible - the issue of safeguard measures under the Polish and German criminal law
Praca niniejsza jest próbą kompleksowego opracowania problematyki sprawców niepoprawnych oraz prawnokarnych reakcji na prowadzoną przez nich działalność przestępczą, jakimi są środki zabezpieczające. Celem autorki było wykazanie, że prosta odpowiedź na pytanie „czy istnieją sprawcy niepoprawni?” oraz „kim są sprawcy niepoprawni?” nie istnieje. Złożoność zagadnienia oraz historycznie bardzo zmienne podejście do problemu nie pozwalają na postawienie obiektywnej tezy. Ponadto praca zawiera zwięzłe opracowanie tematyki środków zabezpieczających o charakterze izolacyjno-leczniczym, które często stanowią jedyną dopuszczalną odpowiedź wymiaru sprawiedliwości na niebezpieczeństwo zagrażające społeczeństwu ze strony sprawców, którzy ponieśli już karę lub którzy jej ponieść nie mogą. Praca składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej przedstawiona została ewolucja pojęcia niepoprawności, historyczne podejścia do problemu powrotu do przestępstwa i sposobów radzenia sobie z nim przez ustawodawców państw europejskich. Następnie autorka starała się przedstawić kryminologiczne aspekty przestępczości i recydywy, poprzez zwięzłe omówienie najważniejszych teorii kryminologicznych i krótką charakterystykę zjawiska niepoprawności. Ostatnim elementem części pierwszej jest analiza danych statystycznych dotycząca recydywy, w tym przede wszystkim recydywy sprawców przestępstw na tle seksualnym.Druga część zawiera omówienie problematyki środków zabezpieczających jako instytucji prawa karnego, środków zabezpieczających o charakterze izolacyjno-leczniczym proponowanych przez niemiecki i polski system prawa karnego, a także porównanie obu systemów. Merytoryczną treść pracy kończą rozdziały poświęcone omówieniu najważniejszych spraw rozpoznawanych przez Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka w zakresie problematyki środków zabezpieczających oraz rozdział dotyczący wyzwań, przed którymi staje współczesna polityka kryminalna.This work is an attempt to comprehensive development of issues which refer to incorrigible offenders and criminal law responses for their criminal activity, what precautions are. The author’s aim was to demonstrate that a simple answer to the questions “ Whether there are incorrigible offenders?” and “ Who are incorrigible offenders?” it does not exist. The issue is very complex and historically highly variable approach to the problem do not allow us to place an objective thesis. Moreover, the work includes a concise development of subject of the precautionary measures which are both an isolation and a treatment. They are also often the only possible answer of the judiciary to danger to the public from the perpetrators who have already suffered punishement or those who can not be punished.The work consists of two parts. In the first one it was presented an evolution of the concept of inorectness, historical approach to return to crime and ways to deal with it by European legislators. After that the author tried to present the criminological aspects of crime and recidivism by a brief discussion of the major criminological theoris and a short description of the phenomenon of incorrigibility. The last element of the first part of the work is an analysis of statistical data of recidivism, first of all the recidivism of perpetrators of sexual crimes.The second part of the work describes the issues of precautionary measures as an institution of criminal law, the precautionary measures which are both an isolation and a treatment. These solutions are proposed by the German and Polish criminal justice system and also it consists a comparison of the two systems. The merits is ended by chapters devoted to discussing the most important cases before the European Court of Human Rights concerning the issues of precautionary measures and a chapter which describes the challenges facing contemporary criminal policy
To the Parlament of the Common-Wealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. The humble petition of Thomas Brewer, gentl: and William Pawlin, Elizabeth Quested, widdow, and Ann Beswick, daughter of Ann Beswick, widdow, creditors of Ulick Earl of St. Albans, and Clanricard, on the behalf of themselves, and other the creditors of the said Earl.
C91: Complexity of pre and postoperative care of the patients with Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AUS) including fluoroscopically controlled readjustment manouvers
Probability mapping to determine the spatial risk pattern of acute gastroenteritis in Coimbatore District, India, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Background: Maps show well the spatial configuration of information. Considerable effort is devoted to the development of geographical information systems (GIS) that increase understanding of public health problems and in particular to collaborate efforts among clinicians, epidemiologists, ecologists, and geographers to map and forecast disease risk. Objectives: Small populations tend to give rise to the most extreme disease rates, even if the actual rates are similar across the areas. Such situations will follow the decision-maker′s attention on these areas when they scrutinize the map for decision making or resource allocation. As an alternative, maps can be prepared using P-values (probabilistic values). Materials and Methods: The statistical significance of rates rather than the rates themselves are used to map the results. The incidence rates calculated for each village from 2000 to 2009 is used to estimate λ, the expected number of cases in the study area. The obtained results are mapped using Arc GIS 10.0. Results: The likelihood of infections from low to high is depicted in the map and it is observed that five villages namely, Odanthurai, Coimbatore Corporation, Ikkaraiboluvampatti, Puliakulam, and Pollachi Corporation are more likely to have significantly high incidences. Conclusion: In the probability map, some of the areas with exceptionally high or low rates disappear. These are typically small unpopulated areas, whose rates are unstable due to the small numbers problem. The probability map shows more specific regions of relative risks and expected outcomes