Dizajniranje i vrednovanje okularnih umetaka moksifloksacin hidroklorida

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate ocular inserts of moxifloxacin. An ocular insert was made from an aqueous dispersion of moxifloxacin, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, and dibutyl phthalate by the film casting method. The ocular insert (5.5 mm diameter) was cross-linked by CaCl2 and was coated with Eudragit S-100, RL-100, RS-100, E-100 or Eudragit L-100. The in vitro drug drainage/permeation studies were carried out using an all-glass modified Franz diffusion cell. The drug concentration and mucoadhesion time of the ocular insert were found satisfactory. Cross-linking and coating with polymers extended the drainage from inserts. The cross-linked ocular insert coated with Eudragit RL-100 showed maximum drug permeation compared to other formulations.Cilj rada bio je priprava i evaluacija okularnih umetaka moksifloksacina. Okularni umetak izrađen je od vodene suspenzije moksifloksacina, natrijevog alginata, polivinilnog alkohola i dibutil-ftalata metodom odlijevanja filma. Okularni umetak (promjera 5,5 mm) umrežen je pomoću CaCl2 i obložen Eudragitom S-100, RL-100, RS-100, E-100 ili Eudragit L-100. In vitro drenaža/permeacija lijeka proučavana je koristeći staklenu modificiranu Franzovu difuzijsku ćeliju. Koncentracija lijeka i vrijeme mukoadhezije okularnih umetaka bili su zadovoljavajući. Umrežavanje i oblaganje polimerima produljilo je drenažu iz umetaka. Umreženi okularni umetci obloženi s Eudragit RL-100 pokazali su veću permeaciju lijeka u odnosu na ostale pripravke

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and thiazolidinediones in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is global problem with several drugs into trial without much success the current article highlights the role of thiazolidinedione’s in diabetic nephropathy by scrutinizing and reconnoitring the cellular and intracellular mechanism and shielding action and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptors (PPARγ) receptors. Not only anti-diabetic action but renal protective effect with evidence based study has been highlighted. PPAR γ-is versatile target having numerous benefits and mainly preventing fibrosis in diabetic experimental model and some clinical case report yet, the benefits are not up to mark, since renal failure itself causes volume expansion and the thiazolidinedione’s (TZDs) also preserve salt and water and lead to congestive heart failure which constraints its clinical application. Dual activators and balaglitazone selective PPAR modulator are having upcoming potential for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Further detail investigation on such drug is needed to explore. However adverse effect like heart failure, osteoporosis and volume expansion effect over-rides the beneficial effect thus limiting its clinical use of currently available TZDs

Symptomatic improvement with gluten restriction in irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double blinded placebo controlled trial

Background/AimsThe existence of non-celiac gluten sensitivity has been debated. Indeed, the intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms of many patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but without celiac disease or wheat allergy have been shown to improve on a gluten-free diet. Therefore, this study set out to evaluate the effects of gluten on IBS symptoms.MethodsWe performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled rechallenge trial in a tertiary care hospital with IBS patients who fulfilled the Rome III criteria. Patients with celiac disease and wheat allergy were appropriately excluded. The participants were administered a gluten-free diet for 4 weeks and were asked to complete a symptom-based questionnaire to assess their overall symptoms, abdominal pain, bloating, wind, and tiredness on the visual analog scale (0-100) at the baseline and every week thereafter. The participants who showed improvement were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive either a placebo (gluten-free breads) or gluten (whole cereal breads) as a rechallenge for the next 4 weeks.ResultsIn line with the protocol analysis, 60 patients completed the study. The overall symptom score on the visual analog scale was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the patients in the gluten intervention group scored significantly higher in terms of abdominal pain, bloating, and tiredness (P<0.05), and their symptoms worsened within 1 week of the rechallenge.ConclusionsA gluten diet may worsen the symptoms of IBS patients. Therefore, some form of gluten sensitivity other than celiac disease exists in some of them, and patients with IBS may benefit from gluten restrictions

Location Database Hierarchy Optimization for PCS Networks: A Genetic Algorithm Approach

To overcome the drawbacks of he existing centralized location management scheme in personal communication services networks, message routing schemes based on a hierarchy of location databases have been proposed previously by the researchers in wireless network community. The problem of building optimal location database hierarchy using the estimates of number of moves and calls per unit time between the zones of the PCS networks and constraints on the databases and wired communication links has been considered here. This problem has been formulated as an optimization problem. A new genetic algorithm framework, which makes use of three new problem specific operators, has been developed. It may perhaps be noted that this approach is suitable for offline computation. Experimental assessment has been done for four mobility trace files, which contain a sequence of moves and calls for corresponding zone topology. The results obtained provide guidelines for experimental and theoretical analysis of the location management schemes for PCS networks.

Spontaneous rupture of sac in bochdalek hernia leading to acute intestinal obstruction

Bochdalek hernia usually presents in neonates in the form of respiratory distress. Presentation as acute intestinal obstruction is extremely rare. We report a 6-month-old male infant with spontaneous rupture of the sac in a Bochdalek hernia leading to acute gastrointestinal obstruction. Diaphragmatic hernia can rarely present as acute intestinal obstruction due to spontaneous rupture of sac

Survey on Monitoring and Quality Controlling of the Mobile Biosignal Delivery

A Mobile Patient Monitoring System (MPMS) acquires patient’s biosignals and transmits them using wireless network connection to the decision-making module or healthcare professional for the assessment of patient’s condition. A variety of wireless network technologies such as wireless personal area networks (e.g., Bluetooth), mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), and infrastructure-based networks (e.g., WLAN and cellular networks) are in practice for biosignals delivery. The wireless network quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of biosignals delivery are mainly specified in terms of required bandwidth, acceptable delay, and tolerable error rate. An important research challenge in the MPMS is how to satisfy QoS requirements of biosignals delivery in the environment characterized by patient mobility, deployment of multiple wireless network technologies, and variable QoS characteristics of the wireless networks. QoS requirements are mainly application specific, while available QoS is largely dependent on QoS provided by wireless network in use. QoS provisioning refers to providing support for improving QoS experience of networked applications. In resource poor conditions, application adaptation may also be required to make maximum use of available wireless network QoS. This survey paper presents a survey of recent developments in the area of QoS provisioning for MPMS. In particular, our contributions are as follows: (1) overview of wireless networks and network QoS requirements of biosignals delivery; (2) survey of wireless networks’ QoS performance evaluation for the transmission of biosignals; and (3) survey of QoS provisioning mechanisms for biosignals delivery in MPMS. We also propose integrating end-to-end QoS monitoring and QoS provisioning strategies in a mobile patient monitoring system infrastructure to support optimal delivery of biosignals to the healthcare professionals

Effect of formulation factors on in vitro permeation of moxifloxacin from aqueous drops through excised goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of formulation factors on in vitro permeation of moxifloxacin from aqueous drop through freshly excised goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas. Aqueous isotonic ophthalmic solutions of moxifloxacin hydrochloride of different concentrations (pH 7.2) or 0.5% (wt/vol) solutions of different pH or 0.5% solutions (pH 7.2) containing different preservatives were made. Permeation characteristics of drug were evaluated by putting 1 mL formulation on freshly excised cornea (0.50 cm2) fixed between donor and receptor compartments of an all-glass modified Franz diffusion cell and measuring the drug permeated in the receptor (containing 10 mL bicarbonate ringer at 37°C under stirring) by spectrophotometry at 291 nm, after 120 minutes. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test. Increase in drug concentration in the formulation resulted in an increase in the quantity permeated but a decrease in percentage permeation. Increase in pH of the solution from 5.5 to 7.2 increased drug permeation, indicating pH-dependent transport. Compared with control formulation, moxifloxacin 0.5% (wt/vol) solution (pH 7.2) containing disodium edetate (EDTA) (0.01% wt/vol) produced significantly (P<.05) higher permeation with all the corneas. Formulation with benzyl alcohol significantly (P<.05) increased permeation with buffalo cornea compared with its control. Presence of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) (0.01% wt/vol) and EDTA (0.01% wt/vol) in the formulation increased permeation to the maximum with all the corneas. The results suggest that moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (pH 7.2) containing BAK (0.01%) and EDTA (0.01%) provides increased in vitro ocular availability through goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas