Modulation of Inflammatory Dynamics by Insulin to Promote Wound Recovery of Diabetic Ulcers

About 5% of the world population is diabetic and are at a risk of slow non-recoverable wound formation. Estimated 15–25% of diabetic patients develop foot ulcers, 6% among them needing clinical attention among which 15–20% will need an amputation. This counts for around 50% of all traumatic amputation. Wound leads to activation of dynamic inflammatory cascade responsible for the healing process. But in diabetes, a persistent rise of pro-inflammatory cytokines and low anti-inflammatory cytokines blocks the dynamic cascade. Wounding induces various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, and TNFs causing accumulation of free radicals leading to inflammation which become persistent in diabetes. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines drives the equilibrium towards the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, IFN-α, and TGF-β, which is necessary for the wound recovery process. Here in this chapter, the inflammatory modulatory roles of different drugs/formulations have been discussed to unravel their significance to promote wound recovery

RADIO FREQUENCY MICRO ELECTRIC MECHANICAL SYSTEM (RF MEMS) AND ITS CLASSIFICATION

ABSTRACT The term RF MEMS refers to the design and fabrication of MEMS for RF integrated circuits. It should not be interpreted as traditional MEMS devices operating at RF frequencies. MEMS devices in RF MEMS are used for actuation or adjustment of a separate RF device or component, such as variable capacitors, switches, and Traditional MEMS can be divided into two classes: MEMS actuators and MEMS sensors. The rst one is a kind of moving mechanism activated by an electrical signal like Micro motor. Micro sensors are currently available for a large number of applications. Historically, owing to their ease of fabrication, these were the earliest Microsystems. Another reason for the actuators not becoming popular is that the amount of energy generated by such tiny systems does not cause much impact in the associated systems. However, it can be seen later, for microwave and millimetre wave systems, these forces are suf change the properties of overall systems. Passive devices include bulk micro machined transmission lines, lters and couplers. Active MEMS devices include switches, tuners and variable capacitors

A comprehensive Analysis of Nanoscale Transistor Based Biosensor: A Review

304-318Imperative introduction of biosensor in the field of medicine, defence, food safety, security and environmental contamination detection acquired paramount attraction. Thus the foundation of the fame of biosensors in detecting wide scope of biomolecules in innumerable fields has driven researchers in advancement of biosensor and enhancing more updates in devices. Among all semiconductor-FET based biosensors grab attraction due to their miniaturization, mass production, ultra-sensitive in nature, improved lifetime, rapid response and reduce thermal budgets. In this review, field effect based biosensors sensitive to ions their principle model along with pros and cons of different structures. Various performance characteristics for semiconductor based biosensor are explored along with detection of label free analytes such as tuberculosis, glucose, antigen 85-B with ISFET. Following with comprehensive detail on MOSFET junction less Silicon based Dual Gate Biosensor with their design parameters for biosensing of neutral and charged analytes with results summarized in table. Drawbacks of dual gate structure introduce cylindrical structures summarized in table with device parameters and respective sensitivity. Role of analytes size in choosing the cavity width and position of analytes influence the sensitivity is recorded. Recent advancement on selectivity, sensitivity and switching results the gate and channel engineering thus compound semiconductor came in picture. In last section challenges with solution and importance of III-V compound channel as scope in biosensor with taking the benefits of fabrication of III-V compound MOSFETs. Semiconductor compound properties are summarized in table for various applications in recent use

A comprehensive Analysis of Nanoscale Transistor Based Biosensor: A Review

Imperative introduction of biosensor in the field of medicine, defence, food safety, security and environmental contamination detection acquired paramount attraction. Thus the foundation of the fame of biosensors in detecting wide scope of biomolecules in innumerable fields has driven researchers in advancement of biosensor and enhancing more updates in devices. Among all semiconductor-FET based biosensors grab attraction due to their miniaturization,mass production, ultra-sensitive in nature, improved lifetime, rapid response and reduce thermal budgets. In this review, field effect based biosensors sensitive to ions their principle model along with pros and cons of different structures. Various performance characteristics for semiconductor based biosensor are explored along with detection of label free analytes such as tuberculosis, glucose, antigen 85-B with ISFET. Following with comprehensive detail on MOSFET junction less Silicon based Dual Gate Biosensor with their design parameters for biosensing of neutral and charged analytes with results summarized in table. Drawbacks of dual gate structure introduce cylindrical structures summarized in table with device parameters and respective sensitivity. Role of analytes size in choosing the cavity width and position of analytes influence the sensitivity is recorded. Recent advancement on selectivity, sensitivity and switching results the gate and channel engineering thus compound semiconductor came in picture. In last section challenges with solution and importance of III-V compound channel as scope in biosensor with taking the benefits of fabrication of III-V compound MOSFETs. Semiconductor compound properties are summarized in table for various applications in recent use

ESID: A Visual Analytics Tool to Epidemiological Emergencies

Visual analysis tools can help illustrate the spread of infectious diseases and enable informed decisions on epidemiology and public health issues. To create visualisation tools that are intuitive, easy to use, and effective in communicating information, continued research and development focusing on user-centric and methodological design models is extremely important. As a contribution to this topic, this paper presents the design and development of the visual analytics application ESID (Epidemiological Scenarios for Infectious Diseases). The goal of ESID is to provide a platform for rapid assessment of the most effective interventions for infectious disease control. ESID provides spatial-temporal analysis, forecasting, comparison of simulations, interactive filters, and accessibility options. In its current form, it shows the simulations of a hybrid graph-equation-based model as introduced in for infection control. The model can be stratified for different age groups and takes into account the properties of the infectious disease as well as human mobility and contact behaviour.Comment: 6 pages, 5 images and 1 table, Eurovis workshop on visual analytics (EuroVA) 202

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe