Subspecific Designation of the U.S.A. Interior Highlands Population of \u3ci\u3eArgynnis\u3c/i\u3e (\u3ci\u3eSpeyeria\u3c/i\u3e) \u3ci\u3ediana\u3c/i\u3e (Cramer, 1777) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Argynnini: Argynnina)

Subspecific designation is designated for the North American Interior Highlands population of Argynnis diana, based on four factors: mtDNA haplotype differences from nominotypical A. diana of the Appalachian Mountains; wing shape difference in the males between both regions; wing size of the adults; and tendency for females of the Interior Highlands to show tan coloration in the submarginal row of rectangular spots of the subapical region of the dorsal forewings

Re-evaluation of \u3ci\u3eEuchloe olympia\u3c/i\u3e (W. H. Edwards, 1871 (Pieridae: Pierinae) from a Geographic and Taxonomic Perspective

The taxonomic status of regional populations of Euchloe olympia (W. H. Edwards, 1871) is reevaluated here. A review of pertinent literature and a critique of Clench & Opler (1983) are provided. The taxon rosa and two distinct populations of the Great Lakes “dune form” are each proposed for recognition at subspecific rank. The status of synonym anniha Ebner (1970) is addressed

Determination of a New Spring-flying Species of the \u3ci\u3ePterourus glaucus\u3c/i\u3e Complex (Papilionidae) in Southern New England

The Pterourus glaucus complex in three southern New England states is analyzed for cryptic speciation. What was historically considered to be one species, P. glaucus (Linnaeus, 1758), was recently split to separate P. canadensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) at species rank (Hagen et al., 1991). Additionally, P. appalachiensis Pavulaan & Wright, 2002, was described as an Appalachian Mountain endemic. The western member of the complex, P. rutulus (Lucas, 1852), has frequently been considered a subspecies of P. glaucus (Scott, 1986; Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994), as was P. alexiares (Höpffer, 1866) (Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994). Recently, a bimodal emergence pattern was identified in populations across a regional band stretching from southern New England, through central New York (Hagen & Lederhouse, 1985), northeastern Pennsylvania (Monroe & Wright, 2017) and into southern Ontario (Schmidt, 2020). This bimodal pattern encompasses two univoltine taxa: an earlier, spring-flying taxon with slightly closer morphological affinity to canadensis; and a later, summer-flying taxon with a closer affinity to glaucus. The early-flight taxon is here described as a new species, most likely of hybrid origin similar to appalachiensis. The late-flight taxon, tentatively referred to as the “Mid-Summer Tiger Swallowtail” (Wang, 2017; Schmidt, 2020), also likely of hybrid origin, appears to be undergoing rampant hybridization with glaucus in southern New England, though there is evidence it has achieved early stages of speciation in Ontario

Reevaluation of the Described Subspecies of \u3ci\u3eEuphydryas phaeton\u3c/i\u3e (Drury, 1773) with a Replacement Name for \u3ci\u3eMelitaea phaeton schausi\u3c/i\u3e (Clark, 1927)

The present paper reevaluates the subspecific standing of the nominotypical and three described subspecies of Euphydryas phaeton (Drury, 1773). The nominotypical subspecies phaeton occupies the mid-Atlantic region, with undefined zones of contact with described subspecies borealis (F. Chermock & R. Chermock, 1940) to the north, and subspecies schausi (Clark, 1927) to the south. Nominotypical phaeton is an intermediate phenotype between borealis and schausi, which are each noticeably different from each other but both reasonably similar to intermediate (nominotypical) phaeton. Both borealis and schausi were synonymized under nominotypical phaeton since about time of their descriptions, by authors and list makers who did not justify their reasoning for essentially ignoring the original descriptions. The common belief is that there is no phenotypic difference between the three described northeastern subspecies and all are treated as nominotypical E. p. phaeton. In the present analysis, recently described subspecies ozarkae (Masters, 1968) bears a striking resemblance to schausi, making delineation of the zone of contact between the two very difficult, other than by habitat and primary host preference of each. Subspecies schausi, having been originally described within the genus Melitaea, is preoccupied by the name Melitaea schausi (Godman & Salvin, 1901), presently considered a junior synonym of Chlosyne definita definita. Thus, a replacement name for schausi (Clark, 1927) is necessary

Subspecific Designation for the Central Appalachian Mountains Population of \u3ci\u3eArgynnis\u3c/i\u3e (\u3ci\u3eSpeyeria\u3c/i\u3e) \u3ci\u3eatlantis\u3c/i\u3e (W. H. Edwards)

The population of Argynnis atlantis of the central Appalachian Mountains, primarily on the Allegheny Plateau of West Virginia, has long been recognized by entomologists in the eastern United States as distinct from nominotypical populations of A. atlantis in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Larger size is often cited, but actual comparison of wing markings has not been done to date. This study applies RGB color analysis on a series of adults from both regions and looks at potential differences in wing markings which may distinguish them

Evaluation of the Taxonomic Status of \u3ci\u3eEurytides marcellus\u3c/i\u3e form “\u3ci\u3efloridensis\u3c/i\u3e” (W. Holland, 1898) (Papilionoidea, Papilioninae, Leptocircini)

The purpose of this paper is to firmly identify subspecific authorship of the name floridensis for the Floridian population of Eurytides marcellus (Cramer, 1779), which I recognize as a distinct, though slightly differentiated, subspecies ranging north and west along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastal regions. Though the name has been in historical use by multiple authors since description by William J. Holland (1898), it has not been readily evident which, if any, published work to date clearly and validly elevated the name to subspecific rank. The name “floridensis” is not preoccupied by any other members of the butterfly family Papilionidae. I determine the authorship to be floridensis Klots (1951)

A Case of Sympatric \u3ci\u3eCelastrina ladon\u3c/i\u3e (Cramer), \u3ci\u3eCelastrina lucia\u3c/i\u3e (W. Kirby) and \u3ci\u3eCelastrina neglecta\u3c/i\u3e (Edwards) (Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae) in Northern Virginia, with Additional Records of \u3ci\u3eC. lucia\u3c/i\u3e in Virginia

A case of fully sympatric Celastrina ladon, C. lucia, and early spring brood C. neglecta is documented at a site in northern Virginia. Observations indicate that all three species occupy the same habitat, fly during the same flight period and utilize the same hostplant with no evidence of hybridization. C. ladon and C. lucia are obligate univoltines while C. neglecta is multivoltine. A later flight (second brood) of Celastrina neglecta at the same site utilizes eriophyid mite-induced leaf galls on the very same host tree species. Additional Virginia records of C. lucia are documented

Notes on North American Butterflies, 1

New natural history elements and distribution records of several North American butterflies are reported. Taxonomy is often driven by geographical analyses. Cartography, coupled with internet-based imagery, opens up a promising wealth of information, allowing avocational researchers a tool by which inconvenient visits to institutional collections are no longer necessary for resolving some basic questions. While diversity and distribution of butterflies in North America are commonly believed to be fully known, the findings presented here show that much is yet to be learned of our butterfly fauna

A Phenotypic Comparison of Regional Populations of \u3ci\u3eHemileuca maia\u3c/i\u3e (Drury, 1773) with Designations of New Subspecies (Bombycoidea, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)

Following refinement of the type locality of Hemileuca maia to the Long Island Pine Barrens of New York State by the author (Pavulaan, 2020), an evaluation of phenotypic characters of regional populations of H. maia is presented. The Long Island population is the nominotypical subspecies. Populations in southeastern coastal New England and offshore islands are presently considered nominotypical maia. However, several continental inland populations show evidence of subspecific variation. Four new subspecies are designated. Detailed phenotypic information of other interior regions is lacking

Designation of Neotype of \u3ci\u3eHemileuca maia\u3c/i\u3e (Drury, 1773) and Refinement of Its Type Locality (Bombycoidea, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)

The present paper defines the original type locality of Hemileuca maia (Drury, 1773) as Edgewood, New York, in the Long Island Pine Barrens. It has been locally known as the “Coastal Pine Barrens Buckmoth” and its range may be confined entirely to Long Island, though populations throughout southeastern coastal New England and offshore islands may be considered the same nominotypical taxon. In analyzing historical events, there are questions regarding the geographic location, and source and eventual disposition of the specimen illustrated by artist Moses Harris in Drury (1773). While there is ample evidence that Drury’s specimen of maia came from a Mr. Thomas James of Brooklyn, New York, it is not clear whether the illustrated specimen was actually obtained by, and in the possession of, Dr. John Fothergill at the time the specimen was illustrated. Drury’s illustrated specimen perhaps found its way to various collections and is believed to now be lost or unidentifiable. A neotype is designated from the Edgewood Scrub Oak Plains, near present day Brentwood, New York, to agree with a possible collecting location used by Thomas James