Connection between Mental Disorders and Hypertension In Patients Treated at the Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the type and frequency of psychiatric disorders associated with hypertension and to identify sociodemographic specifics and other comorbid diseases. Materials and Methods: This was retrospective study to establish if there was a relationship between mental disorders and hypertension in patients hospitalized at the Department of Psychiatry from January 1, 2020 to August 15, 2021. Different mental disorders were correlated with hypertension comorbidity, with the emphasis on disease duration, mental disorder characteristics, diagnostic category such as age and gender, and other comorbidities. Results: The study included data from 800 patients hospitalized at the Department of Acute and Biological Psychiatry and the Department of Integrative Psychiatry at the Psychiatry Clinic of the University Hospital Center Osijek. All of them were treated for various mental disorders in the period from January 1, 2020 to August 15, 2021. Special emphasis was placed on the patients who had been diagnosed with a mental disorder and hypertension in order to determine how many patients treated for a mental disorder also suffer from hypertension. The research shows that 230 (28.75%) out of 800 patients suffer from both a mental disorder and hypertension. Conclusions: The study has shown that almost one third of the respondents treated at the Psychiatry Clinic for a certain period of time suffer from hypertension. The majority of hypertensive patients were treated for recurrent depressive disorder, alcohol addiction and posttraumatic stress disorder

Cooperatives Bosnia and Herzegovina a step closer to Europe

Zadrugarstvo u BiH kroz ovaj rad promatrano je od njegovog početka, od formiranja prve zadruge u BiH, do današnjih dana, odnosno donošenja jedinstvenog zakona o zadrugama za BiH. Prateći kronološki njegov razvoj, kroz zakonodavstvo koje je bilo aktualno, dat je prikaz broja zadruga, upravljačka struktura, kao i opis pojedinih tipova zadruga koje su egzistirale na području BiH. Jasno su naznačeni razlozi zbog kojih je zadrugarstvo bilo slabo razvijeno, kao i eventualne dobre strane pojedinih tipova zadruga.Cooperatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) are studied in this paper from their very beginnings, from the formation of the first cooperatives in BH up to the present time, i.e. until the law concerning cooperatives has been adopted in BH. As we followed its chronological development through the legislation applied at that time, the number of cooperatives, its leadership structure as well as the description of certain types of cooperatives that existed in BH are presented. The reasons for the poor conditions in cooperatives are clearly stated as well as some good points in certain types of cooperatives

Methodical approaches to reading books in primary school

Tema ovoga diplomskoga rada jest obrada lektire na satima Hrvatskoga jezika od prvog do četvrtog razreda osnovne škole. Lektira je obavezni dio nastave književnosti te se unutarpredmetnom korelacijom jako dobro povezuje i sa satima jezika te jezičnoga izražavanja i medijske kulture. Osim unutarpredmetne, lektira se itekako dobro može povezati i međupredmetnom korelacijom s nastavom Prirode i društva, Glazbene kulture, Likovne kulture te Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. U ovome radu prikazani su metodički sustavi i načela te metodički pristupi nastavi lektire u mlađim razredima osnovne škole s njihovim karakteristikama. Također su pojašnjeni načini na koje se učitelji pripremaju za sate lektire te načini motivacije za sat lektire. Osim motivacije i načina pripremanja učitelja, pojašnjeni su i načini praćenja lektire, osobito dnevnik čitanja kao način praćenja te načini vrednovanja i ocjenjivanja. Osobita je pozornost posvećena metodičkim pristupima pojedinim književnim vrstama na satima lektire te je tako dan teorijski uvod, popis pojedinih književnih vrsta u popisima lektire prema razredu te primjer obrade po jedne književne vrste na satima lektire: lirske pjesme, bajke, priče, romana, slikovnice, basne te igrokaza. Za svako je književno djelo dan cjelovit prikaz strukture nastavnoga sata s idejama za strukturu pojedinih dijelova. Nakon prikaza strukture, pojašnjeno je kojim će se metodičkim postupcima i pristupima učitelj služiti u interpretaciji pojedine književne vrste. Na kraju rada, osim zaključka, prikazan je popis lektira za svaki razred zasebno.The thesis of this paper is doing reading materials in Croatian language lessons in lower classes of primary school. The reading material is an obligatory part of literature lessons and as such can be incorporated into grammar lessons, lexical expression and lessons including media. Besides being incorporated into Croatian language, it can also correlate with Science, Music, Art and Phуsical Education. This paper shows methodical sуstems and principles and methodical approaches to reading lessons in lower classes of primarу school with all their characteristics. Besides motivation and waуs of preparing teachers for their evaluation part, the paper also explains the waуs of following the storу which is being read, especiallу the reading diary as a way of following the story and evaluation and grading methods. Special attention is dedicated to methodical approaches to certain literature genres in reading lessons so the paper gives theoretical introduction, the list of certain literature genres in class reading lists and an example of a lesson for each literature genre in reading lessons: a lyrical poem, a fairy tale, a story, a novel, a picture book, a fable and a play. A complete layout of the lesson structure containing the ideas for an individual structure part is given for each literary work. After the structure layout it is explained which methodical procedures and approaches the teacher uses while interpreting a certain literature genre. The list of books given for reading is given at the end of the paper, besides the conclusion