Introduction: Symbolic Nation-building and Collective Identities in Post-Yugoslav States

Introduction to Special Issu

Radicalization at the University of Zagreb during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939

This article examines the political radicalization and polarization at the University of Zagreb during the period of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Although the conditions responsible for the appeal of radical politics were created by the social and economic grievances felt across Croatia under the authoritarian Yugoslav regime, the conflict in Spain served to channel frustration into tangible causes and movements. It did not directly generate the violence or the political divisions at the University of Zagreb, but it did serve as a focal point for the opposing groups to articulate, and support, their ideological positions. Furthermore, the powerful ideas and concepts stirred up by the war, such as freedom, democracy, internationalism, and antifascism, appealed particularly to young people who had grown up not having experienced those ideas themselves. Other students at the university, influenced by anticommunist ideas and supported by radical Croatian nationalists, engaged in fervent debates with pro-Republican students that eventually led to physical violence and the murder of a student, Krsto Ljubičić, at the university

Introduction: Symbolic Nation-building and Collective Identities in Post-Yugoslav States

Introduction to Special Issu

Symbian operativni sustav za mobilne telefone

New mobile devices require powerful hardware and software to support customer\u27s needs which grew rapidly in the last few years. Demanding user interface depends of the operating system, and Symbian created operating system that seems powerful enough to support forthcoming burst of data services in the mobile world. Symbian OS is the common core of application programming interfaces (APIs) and technology that is shared by all Symbian OS phones. Symbian OS includes a multi-tasking kernel, middleware for communications, data management and graphics, the lower levels of the GUI framework, and application engines.Novi mobilni uređaji moraju imati napredan hardver i softver da bi mogli ispuniti korisničke zahtjeve koji su znatno porasli u posljednjih nekoliko godina. Korisničko sučelje ovisi o operativnom sustavu, a Symbian je stvorio operativni sustav koji je dovoljno snažan da može podržati porast podatkovnih usluga u mobilnom svijetu. Symbian OS je zajednička jezgra za aplikacijska sučelja (API – application programming interface) i tehnologiju koju dijele svi Symbian OS telefoni. Symbian OS uključuje multitasking kernel, komunikacijske i podatkovne protokole, grafičko sučelje i aplikacijske strojeve

Polarization of Regional Economic Development in Croatia: Trends and Challanges in a New Geographic Reality

This paper examines how the proposed conceptualization of Croatia’s regional economic development, Koncepcija regionalnong gospodarskog razvitka Republike Hrvatske (1999), addresses the challenges of Croatia’s uneven economic development. While the problems of Croatia’s lagging regions have been addressed, the conceptualization contains controversies regarding what should be the guiding principles of regional policy – targeted or balanced regional economic development. The proposed conceptualization represents a mixture of neoliberal thinking about the key actors in regional economic development, principles of European Union regionalism and the socialist-era legacies. Consequently, it lacks clarity in several key aspects. A specific challenge is the existing multiciplicity of regional and socials interests as well as the limitations of regional economic development based on rigid administrative-territorial units

Nitric Acid Revamp and Upgrading of the Alarm & Protection Safety System at Petrokemija, Croatia

Every industrial production, particularly chemical processing, demands special attention in conducting the technological process with regard to the security requirements. For this reason, production processes should be continuously monitored by means of control and alarm safety instrumented systems. In the production of nitric acid at Petrokemija d. d., the original alarm safety system was designed as a combination of an electrical relay safety system and transistorized alarm module system. In order to increase safety requirements and modernize the technological process of nitric acid production, revamping and upgrading of the existing alarm safety system was initiated with a new microprocessor system. The newly derived alarm safety system, Simatic PCS 7, links the function of "classically" distributed control (DCS) and logical systems in a common hardware and software platform with integrated engineering tools and operator interface to meet the minimum safety standards with safety integrity level 2 (SIL2) up to level 3 (SIL3), according to IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. This professional paper demonstrates the methodology of upgrading the logic of the alarm safety system in the production of nitric acid in the form of a logical diagram, which was the basis for a further step in its design and construction. Based on the mentioned logical diagram and defined security requirements, the project was implemented in three phases: analysis and testing, installation of the safety equipment and system, and commissioning. Developed also was a verification system of all safety conditions, which could be applied to other facilities for production of nitric acid. With the revamped and upgraded interlock alarm safety system, a new and improved safety boundary in the production of nitric acid was set, which created the foundation for further improvement of the production process in terms of improved analysis

Poboljšanje i nadogradnja uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajućeg sustava u proizvodnji dušične kiseline Petrokemije d. d.

Every industrial production, particularly chemical processing, demands special attention in conducting the technological process with regard to the security requirements. For this reason, production processes should be continuously monitored by means of control and alarm safety instrumented systems. In the production of nitric acid at Petrokemija d. d., the original alarm safety system was designed as a combination of an electrical relay safety system and transistorized alarm module system. In order to increase safety requirements and modernize the technological process of nitric acid production, revamping and upgrading of the existing alarm safety system was initiated with a new microprocessor system. The newly derived alarm safety system, Simatic PCS 7, links the function of “classically” distributed control (DCS) and logical systems in a common hardware and software platform with integrated engineering tools and operator interface to meet the minimum safety standards with safety integrity level 2 (SIL2) up to level 3 (SIL3), according to IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. This professional paper demonstrates the methodology of upgrading the logic of the alarm safety system in the production of nitric acid in the form of a logical diagram, which was the basis for a further step in its design and construction. Based on the mentioned logical diagram and defined security requirements, the project was implemented in three phases: analysis and testing, installation of the safety equipment and system, and commissioning. Developed also was a verification system of all safety conditions, which could be applied to other facilities for production of nitric acid. With the revamped and upgraded interlock alarm safety system, a new and improved safety boundary in the production of nitric acid was set, which created the foundation for further improvement of the production process in terms of improved analysis.Svakom industrijskom procesu, osobito kemijskom, potrebno je posvetiti posebnu pažnju s obzirom na sigurnosne zahtjeve. Zbog toga se proizvodni procesi trebaju kontinuirano pratiti kontrolnim i uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajućim sustavima. U proizvodnji dušične kiseline Petrokemije d. d. izvorni uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajući sustav bio je izveden u obliku električno-relejnog sigurnosno-blokirajućeg sustava i tranzistorskog uzbunjujućeg sustava. Radi povećanja sigurnosnih zahtjeva i poboljšanja postojećeg uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajućeg sustava provedena je nadogradnja postojećeg s novim mikroprocesorskim sustavom. Novi uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno- blokirajući sustav, Simatic PCS 7, povezuje funkcije klasičnih logičkih kontrolnih sustava s uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajućim funkcijama u zajedničku bazu kako bi se zadovoljili minimalne sigurnosne norme do razina sigurnosnih integriteta 2 i 3 s obzirom na standarde IEC 61508 i IEC 61511. Prikazan je pristup nadogradnje logike uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajućeg sustava u proizvodnji dušične kiseline u obliku logičkog dijagrama koji je bio osnova za daljnje izvođenje radova. Na temelju izrađenog logičkog dijagrama i definiranih sigurnosnih zahtjeva, projekt je proveden u tri faze koje su bile faza analize i testiranja, ugradnje nove opreme te puštanje u pogon cijelog izvedenog sustava. Razvijen je sustav provjere svih sigurnosno-blokirajućih uvjeta, koji se može primijeniti i na druga postrojenja za proizvodnju dušične kiseline. S obnovljenim i nadograđenim uzbunjujuće-sigurnosno-blokirajućim sustavom postavljene su nove poboljšane sigurnosne granice te je osigurana osnova za daljnje unaprjeđenje proizvodnog procesa

Symbols and culture memory in the Republic of Srpska Krajina

Ovaj članak istražuje kako su pobunjeni Srbi u Republici Srpskoj Krajini (RSK) reinterpretirali narative Drugog svjetskog rata ne bi li opravdali svoj ustanak protiv demokratski izabrane hrvatske vlasti 1990. godine i ostvarili domaći i međunarodni legitimitet paradržavne tvorevine Republike Srpske Krajine. Dok su se znanstvenici već bavili uporabom kontroverznih simbola i rehabilitacijom kolaboratora iz Drugog svjetskog rata u Hrvatskoj kao strategijama kojima se služe nacionalističke elite, o kulturi sjećanja u Republici Srpskoj Krajini malo se pisalo. Na osnovi dokumenata zaplijenjenih nakon sloma Republike Srpske Krajine 1995. ovaj članak pokazuje kako nije samo vlada Franje Tuđmana odbacivala partizanske narative o bratstvu i jedinstvu, već se paralelan proces odigravao i u vodstvu Krajine. Konačno, odluka da šovinističku i ekstremističku interpretaciju prošlosti učini povijesnim temeljem svojih političkih ciljeva rezultirala je kriminaliziranom tvorevinom koja je završila tragično i po Srbe i po Hrvate koji su živjeli na teritoriju Republike Srpske KrajineAlthough in recent years a new generation of scholars have analyzed the transformation of memory politics, the use of controversial symbols from the Second World War, and the rehabilitation of collaborationists in Croatia since 1990, these processes in the Republic of Srpska Krajina (RSK) have received little attention. The rebel Croatian Serb leaders of this parastate, carved out of Croatian territory during the breakup of Yugoslavia, justified their rejection of the democratically elected government in Zagreb by claiming that Franjo Tuđman’s administration had abandoned the antifascist legacy of the Partisans, which they alleged was the beginning of a new genocide against Serbs. However, this article, based on captured RSK documents, fieldwork, materials collected by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, and interviews with individuals who had lived in the RSK, shows that the rebel Croatian Serb leadership had also abandoned the Partisan narrative during its short-lived existence. The RSK’s new politics of memory resulted in the destruction of monuments that reflected Serb-Croat cooperation, the transformation of public space, and the introduction of symbols that likewise rejected the antifascist legacy. The decision by the Krajina Serb leaders to base their political goals on a chauvinist and extremist interpretation of the past, which excluded the possibility of co-existing with other national groups, ended tragically for both Serbs and Croats living on the territory of the RSK